Building Construction: Structural Systems, Materials, and Techniques

Who designed the 1967 German Pavilion?

Frei Otto

What is the Swiss Re Headquarters also known as?

Renault Building (30 St Mary Axe)

Who is the architect of the Swiss Re Headquarters?

Norman Foster

What type of structure is L'Oceanogràfic?

Tent structure

Where is L'Oceanogràfic located?

Valencia, Spain

Who designed L'Oceanogràfic?

Felix Candela

What is the New Mactan-Cebu International Airport's completion year?

2018

What type of structure is a diagrid?

Structural system

What is a precast structure?

A concrete member cast and cured in a location other than its final destination.

What are the two broad categories of foundation systems?

Shallow and Deep Foundations

What is a shallow foundation?

A foundation that transfers building loads directly to the supporting soil.

What are the types of shallow or spread footings?

Individual or Isolated Footings, Strip Footing, Combined Footing, Mat or Raft Footing.

What are strip footings?

Continuous spread footings of foundation walls.

What are individual or isolated footings?

Spread footings supporting free-standing columns and piers.

What is a combined footing?

A footing supporting two or more columns.

What is a mat or raft foundation?

A foundation that ties all parts together to act as one.

What is precast concrete?

Concrete prepared for casting, cast and cured in a location not its final destination.

What are the benefits of precast structures?

Cost-effective and fast to erect.

What is a light-steel framing system?

A structural system using light steel components.

What is a space frame?

A three-dimensional structural framework.

What are the parts of a truss?

Apex/Peak, Panel Length, Truss Plate, Top Chord, Slope, Pitch, Web, Panel Point, Heel, Bearing Point, Bottom Chord.

What is a Fink truss?

A type of triangular truss.

What is a Warren truss?

A type of truss characterized by equilateral triangles.

What is a Pratt truss?

A type of truss with vertical members and diagonal members sloping down towards the center.

What is a cantilevered footing?

A type of footing that extends beyond its support.

What is an engineered wood frame?

A structural system using engineered wood products.

What is a reinforced concrete slab?

A concrete slab that has been reinforced with steel.

What is the purpose of aluminum cladding?

To provide a protective and aesthetic exterior finish.

What are asphalt roof shingles?

Roofing materials made from asphalt and fiberglass.

What is ETFE?

Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene, a type of polymer used in construction.

What is a soil classification?

The categorization of soil based on its properties.

What is a foundation system?

The system that transfers lateral loads on the superstructure to the ground.

What is a deep foundation?

A foundation that transfers loads to deeper, more stable soil layers.

What is the bottom chord in trusses?

The bottom horizontal member of a truss.

What are design considerations for warehouse buildings?

Greater storage capacity, minimal construction cost, speed for turnover, flexibility for expansion, and security.

What are masonry joints?

Connections between masonry units.

What is proper slaking of lime?

The correct process of mixing lime with water to create a usable form.

What is the class strength of AAA concrete?

4,500 PSI.

What is the use of AA concrete?

Used for underwater retaining walls, shear walls, and elevator core walls.

What is the class strength of A concrete?

3,500 PSI.

What is the use of B concrete?

Used for slabs on fill and non-load bearing walls.

What is the class strength of C concrete?

2,500 PSI.

What is Type I cement?

Normal Portland cement for general construction.

What is Type II cement?

Moderate sulfate resistant cement used where heat build-up can damage the structure.

What is Type III cement?

High early strength cement that cures faster and gains strength earlier.

What is Type IV cement?

Low heat cement that generates less heat during hydration.

What is Type V cement?

Sulfate resistant cement used where resistance to severe sulfate action is required.

What are the components of a concrete mixture?

Cement, sand (fine aggregates), and gravel (coarse aggregates).

What is an admixture in concrete?

Ingredients added to concrete or mortar to modify its properties.

What is a pozzolanic admixture?

Used for waterproofing and as a substitute for cement.

What is a coloring agent in concrete?

Pigments or dyes mixed into topping to alter the color of concrete.

What is a water-reducing admixture?

An agent that improves workability and maintains consistency of concrete.

What is a bonding agent?

A substance that improves the bond between old and new concrete.

What is a hardener in concrete?

A chemical or fine metallic aggregate that improves the density of concrete surface.

What is the purpose of waterproofing?

To render a surface impervious to water.

What are the four types of waterproofing?

Membrane type, integral type, fluid type, and elastomeric coating.

What is Fluid type waterproofing?

A fluid applied waterproofing solution.

What is Cementitious type waterproofing?

A powder form waterproofing compound mixed with water and applied by brush.

What are examples of Cementitious type waterproofing?

Mortaseal and Hydratite for concrete gutters and ledges.

What is Elastomeric coating?

A coating formulated to waterproof and preserve concrete, wood, and steel.

What are the characteristics of Elastomeric coating?

Withstands extreme thermal movement, settling, cracking; resists puncture and tearing.

How can Elastomeric coating be applied?

By roller, brush, spray, or squeegee.

What is Waterstop in waterproofing?

A type of waterproofing used to prevent water from passing through joints.

What are some steel companies in the Philippines?

SteelAsia, Stronghold Steel, Treasure Steelworks, Capitol Steel, Power Steel, TKL Steel, Acersteel, Pagasa Steel, Amsteel, Steel Centre, LEC Steel, Sanyo Seiki, SteelWorld, LKG, German Alloy, JEA Steel, Puyat Steel, DN Steel.

What is Cement Mortar?

Made by mixing portland cement, sand, and water.

What is Lime Mortar?

A mixture of lime, sand, and water, rarely used due to slow hardening.

What is Cement-Lime Mortar?

Cement mortar with added lime to increase plasticity and water retentivity.

What is the purpose of mortar in masonry walls?

Used as a bonding agent in masonry construction.

What is the main use of a Suspended Glass Assembly?

Mainly used to enclose large halls.

Who first used Planar fittings?

Arup & Associates on Briarcliff House and Foster Associates for Renault Center.

What tools are used in steelworks?

Cutting tools, grinding tools, forming machines, grinders, planishing hammers.

What are volatile organic compounds (VOCs)?

Any compound of carbon, excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates and ammonium carbonate, which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions.

What is the cement to sand ratio for Class A mortar mixture?

1:2

What is the cement to sand ratio for Class B mortar mixture?

1:3

What is the cement to sand ratio for Class C mortar mixture?

1:4

What is the cement to sand ratio for Class A plaster mixture?

1:2

What is the cement to sand ratio for Class B plaster mixture?

1:3

What is the cement to sand ratio for Class C plaster mixture?

1:4.5

What is the weight of stainless steel roofing (0.4 mm)?

4.00 kg/m²

What is the weight of thatch roofing (including battens)?

41.50 kg/m²

What is the weight of GI roofing (0.8 mm)?

5.70 kg/m²

What is the weight of aluminum roofing (0.8 mm)?

3.70 kg/m²

What is the weight of asphalt roofing with vapor barrier (20 mm)?

47.00 kg/m²

What is the weight of PVC roofing (single ply membrane, 2 mm)?

2.50 kg/m²

What is the weight of clay tile roofing (single pantile, 315 mm gauge)?

42.00 kg/m²

What is the weight of slate roofing (best, 4 mm)?

31.00 kg/m²

What is the weight of medium strong slate roofing (5 mm)?

35.00 kg/m²

What is the weight of heavy slate roofing (6 mm)?

40.00 kg/m²

What are common types of roof cover?

Corrugated metal, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, PVC, clay tiles, concrete tiles, slate tiles, wood tiles.

What is the weight of chipboard flooring (18 mm)?

13.25 kg/m²

What is the weight of cork flooring tiles (3.2 mm)?

3.00 kg/m²

What is the weight of hardwood flooring boards (23 mm)?

16.10 kg/m²

What is the weight of linoleum flooring sheet (3.2 mm)?

4.50 kg/m²

What is the weight of MDF flooring sheet (18 mm)?

13.80 kg/m²

What is the weight of parquet flooring (15 mm)?

7.00 kg/m²

What is the weight of terrazzo flooring (16 mm)?

34.20 kg/m²

What are some types of door hardware?

Padlock, dead bolt lock, cylinder lock, chain lock, electronic lock, lever handle, knob lock, barrel bolt, panic bar, smart lock.

What are some paint manufacturers in the Philippines?

Pacific Paint, Davies Paints, Nippon Paint, Universal Paints, ADD Paints, Asian Coatings, Cambridge Paints, Century Chemical, Globesco, United Paints, FH Colors, Magna Prime, Mayon Industrial, Roosevelt Chemicals, Super Globe, Sycwin Coatings, Times Paint, Treasure Islands, Republic Chemical, MegaPaint.

What is sheet glass?

Glass made by dipping a leader into molten glass and pulling it up to form a film.

What is float glass?

A sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on molten tin for uniform thickness.