2: Network Layers Overview

These flashcards cover the essential concepts of network layers, protocols, and interactions between layers as discussed in the lecture.

What is a key feature of protocols in network communication?

Protocols specify exactly how communication should happen.

What are the layers of the TCP/IP model?

Application Layer, Transport Layer, Internet Layer, Network Interface Layer, Physical Layer.

What does the OSI model provide?

A conceptual model of 7 layers for understanding network interactions.

What is the role of the Physical Layer in the OSI model?

Transmits and receives data over the physical medium.

What is a function of the Data Link Layer in the OSI model?

Formats data into frames and manages communication over a single network.

What does the Network Layer in the OSI model do?

Enables packet forwarding between networks and is a connectionless service.

What is the Transport Layer responsible for in the OSI model?

End-to-end communication, providing reliability, flow control, and multiplexing.

What is an example of a connection-oriented service?

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).

What is broadcasting in the context of ARP?

Sending a packet to all machines on the network to discover a MAC address.

What information is typically included in an ARP request?

A machine sends a broadcast message, asks 'who has' a specific IP address to all machines on the local network.

How does a machine respond to an ARP request?

A machine with the requested IP address replies with its MAC address.

Why is addressing important in networking?

Different layers serve different purposes and have distinct addressing requirements.

What does an IP address need to identify?

Both the network and the specific machine on that network.

What is a translation table used for in networking?

To map IP addresses to Ethernet MAC addresses.

What happens if a machine does not find an IP address in its translation table during communication?

It sends out a broadcast request to discover the MAC address.

What are the three phases of a connection-oriented service?

Connection set-up, data transfer, and connection release.