Openstax-Microbiology Chapter 4 Prokaryotic Diversity

community

A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other

Cooperative Interactions

Working interdependently to accomplish shared goals. To have cooperative interactions requires interpersonal skills, individual accountability, and positive interdependence.

community

A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other

Cooperative Interactions

Working interdependently to accomplish shared goals. To have cooperative interactions requires interpersonal skills, individual accountability, and positive interdependence.

competitive interactions

one population competes with another for resources

mutualism

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit

amensalism

a relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other is unaffected

commensalism

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

neutralism

Neither species benefits or is harmed

Parasitism

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed

microbiome

all of the microorganisms that live in a particular environment, such as a human body

resident microbiota

inhabit sites for extended periods

transient microbiota

the microorganisms that are present in an animal for a short time without causing a disease

proteobacteria

A diverse clade of gram-negative bacteria that includes five subgroups known as alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon.

Alphaproteobacteria

Class of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria capable of growing at very low nutrient levels

oligotrophs

organisms with a high rate of growth at low solute concentrations

obligate intracellular pathogens

require living host cells to grow and propagate

elementary bodies

A small dormant body that serves as the agent of transmission between hosts cells in the chlamydial life cycle.

Betaproteobacteria

Class of diverse Gram-negative bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria capable of growing at very low nutrient levels.

eutrophs

organism that grows in environments with high nutrients

Ex: gut

Gammaproteobacteria

Largest and most diverse class of proteobacteria

enteric

pertaining to the small intestine

serotypes

variants within a species

Deltaproteobacteria

gram negative, predators on other bacteria

Epsilonproteobacteria

Group of Gram-negative rods, vibrios, and spiraled bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria

Spirochetes

long, slender spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement

CFB group

phylum of the gram-negative nonproteobacteria of the genera Cytophaga, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides

phototrophic bacteria

-Phototrophs that contain photosynthetic lamellae

-Autotrophic

bacteriochlorophyll

a light-harvesting pigment closely related to the chlorophyll found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria

purple sulfur bacteria

group of gammaproteobacteria which are obligate anaerobes and oxidize hydrogen sulfide to sulfur

green sulfur bacteria

gram-negative, nonproteobacteria; strictly anaerobic and phototrophic; no growth in dark; use reduced sulfur compounds as electron donors for CO2 fixation

purple nonsulfur bacteria

Alphaproteobacteria; strictly anaerobic and phototrophic; grow on yeast extract in dark; use reduced organic compounds as electron donors for CO2 fixation

green nonsulfur bacteria

Gram-negative, nonproteobacteria; anaerobic and phototrophic; use reduced organic compounds as electron donors for CO2 fixation

cyanobacteria

Bacteria that can carry out photosynthesis

High G+C Gram Positive Bacteria

Actinobacteria

Low G+C Gram-positive bacteria

Phylum: Firmicutes

3 Groups: Clostridia, Mycoplasmas, Bacilli and Cocci

pleomorphic

organisms that are variable in shape

Deeply branching bacteria

prokaryotic autotrophs with rRNA sequences and growth characteristics thought to be similar to those of earliest bacteria

archaea

Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan

methanogens

Archaea that release methane, a greenhouse gas.