Quiz 10 - Physiology of Phonation and Swallowing Assessment

True or False: Digastricus is a mandibular depressor

True

True or False: Mylohyoid is a mandibular elevator.

False

True or False Geniohyoid is a mandibular elevator.

False

Lateral pterygoid is a mandibular depressor.

true

True or False: Temporalis is a mandibular elevator.

True

True or False: Masseter is a mandibular depressor.

True

True or False: Medial pterygoid is a mandibular elevator.

True

True or False: Inferior longitudinal muscle elevates the tongue.

False

True or False: Anterior genioglossus - retraction into oral cavity.

False

True or False: Vertical muscle - narrows tongue

True

Your patient sticks out their tongue, and it deviates to the right side. This indicates a ____ sided weakness.

Right side (side of deviation → side of weakness)

What is the velum position when vegetative breathing?

Vegetative Breathing → Lowered/open

What is the velum position when nasal sounds are produced?

Nasal Sounds → depressed/down/open

What is the velum position when Non-nasal sounds - vowels and consonants?

Non-Nasal Sounds - vowels and consonants → elevated/up/close

What are the 4 stages of swallowing? (Stage 1)

1. Oral Preparatory - the stage where food is prepared for swallowing by being chewed and mixed with saliva. Bolus is formed.

What are the 4 stages of swallowing? (Stage 2)

2. Oral Stage - the stage where the bolus is propelled from the mouth into the pharynx through the action of the tongue. Anterior tongue elevates and hard palate squeezes the bolus toward faucal pillar.

What are the 4 stages of swallowing? (Stage 3)

3. Pharyngeal Stage is where the bolus passes through the pharynx and into the esophagus. Stimulation of the swallowing reflex occurs, leading to the closure of the airway. Velum closes, laryngeal elevates, pharyngeal paralyzes, and esophageal opens.

What are the 4 stages of swallowing? (Stage 4)

4. Esophageal Stage - Bolus passes through the upper esophageal sphincter, goes down to the lower sphincter, and then transits → 10 - 20 seconds, then cricopharyngeal contracts again.

A muscle primarily responsible for keeping the lips tightly closed is called the _______.

Orbicularis Oris

The muscle that would primarily elevate the lower lip to also keep lips closed and food in is the _____.

Masseter

Name 4 ways a infant’s swallowing anatomy is different than an adult’s.

1. hyoid

2. size of tongue

3. epiglottis

4. larynx position

Name 2 reflexive circuits of swallowing and feeding.

1. Chewing reflux

2. cough reflux

Name 2 causes for pediatric dysphagia

1. Cleft lip

2. pre-mature infants

Name 2 causes of adult dysphagia.

1. stroke

2. TBI

What are 3 main ways to assess swallowing function.

1. Clinical bedside Exam

2. Modified Barium Swallow

3. Fiberoptic Endoscopic Examination of Swallowing