AS 215L Midterm :(

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197 Terms

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Chromatin

Threadlike granules dispersed throughout nucleus

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Cytosol

Gelatinous fluid that contains organelles

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Endoplasmic reticulum

Found in the cytoplasm and is a transport system within the cell - can be smooth or rough

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Golgi apparatus

Processes and packages protein molecules for export

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Haploid

one-half the chromosome number

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Inclusions

Nonliving structures within cytoplasm

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Integral proteins

Protein channels within the plasma membrane that allow certain substances to enter the cell

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Lysosomes

Membranous structure in cell that contains potent digestive enzymes

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Meiosis

Cellular reproductive processes that results in offspring with half as many chromosomes as the cell they originated from

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Microfilaments

Contractile protein with ability to shorten; found within cytosol

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Microvilli

Finger like folds in the plasma membrane that act to increase the surface area for absorption

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Mitochondria

Manufactures energy for cellular use (powerhouse)

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Mitosis

Cellular reproductive process that results in identical daughter cell

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Nucleoli

Assembly sites for ribosomal particles - found within the nucleus

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Nucleus

Control center for the cell, chromosomes are found within this structure

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Organelles

Highly organized sub-cellular living system. Metabolically active structures that. have their own characteristic shape and function.

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Persoxisomes

Membranous sacs found within the oxidase enzymes in cell

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Phospholipids

Arranged in two layers in the plasma membrane called the fluid mosaic

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Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis

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Cardiac muscle

<p></p>
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Skeletal muscle

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Smooth muscle

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Cell body/soma

Controls metabolism of neuron

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Axon

Conducts impulses away from the neuron

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Dendrite

Receives impulses from other neurons

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White matter

#1

<p>#1</p>
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Gray matter

#2

<p>#2</p>
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Pineal body

#3

<p>#3</p>
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Thalamus

#4

<p>#4</p>
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Corpus callosum

#5

<p>#5</p>
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Hypothalamus

#6

<p>#6</p>
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Sensory nerve fibers

Carry impulses toward the brain

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Sulci

The little grooves/valleys on surface of cerebrum

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Gyri

The little folds/hills on the surface of the cerebrum

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Longitudinal fissure

Separates the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres

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Corpus callosum

Structure made up of nerve fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres

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Pia mater

The innermost layer of the meninges

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Cerebrum

Part of brain associated with intelligence and learning ability

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Medulla oblongata

The caudal part of the brainstem that becomes the spinal cord

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Dura mater

The outermost layer of the meninges

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Sciatic nerve

The nerve that lies just beneath the biceps femoris muscle

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Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem

4 divisions of brain

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The brain and spinal cord

Structures make up the CNS

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Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal body

Structures of the diencephalon

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Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

Structures of the brainstem

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Cerebellum

Section of the brain that coordinates movements and helps an animal maintain balance and upright posture

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The brainstem

section of the brain that controls primitive, autonomic functions

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The dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Three layers of meninges

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Tapetum lucidum

Causes green reflection from the eyes of an animal in low light

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Rods

Photoreceptors used for dim light vision and shapes

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Iris

Part of the eye that controls how much light is let in

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Limbus junction

Junction between the cornea and sclera

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Optic disk

Blind spot of eye

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Ciliary body

Muscular ring of tissue that surrounds lens and adjusts its shape

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Lens

Helps focus clear image on retina

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Cornea

Clear window that admits light into interior of eye

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Retina

Inner nervous layer of the eye where photoreceptors are located

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Vitreous humor

The soft, gelatinous substance that fills the vitreous compartment

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Bulbar conjunctiva

The transparent membrane that lines the inner portion of the eyelid

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Lateral canthus

Lateral corner of the eye where upper and lower eyelids connect

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Cochlea

Cavity in the temporal bone that contains the hearing portion of the inner ear

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Choroid

Portion of middle vascular layer in eye consisting of blood vessels

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Cones

Photoreceptors that perceive color and detail

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Tympanic membrane

What is the eardrum called

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Sclera

White of the eye

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Eustachian tube

Tube that connects the middle ear cavity to the throat for pressure relief

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Malleus, incus, stapes

Ossicles

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Compact bone

Solid bone found in shaft

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Cancellous bone

Spongy bone found in ends

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Long bone

Shape?

<p>Shape?</p>
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Short bone

Shape?

<p>Shape?</p>
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Flat

Shape?

<p>Shape?</p>
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Proximal epiphysis

1

<p>1</p>
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Diaphysis

2

<p>2</p>
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Distal epiphysis

3

<p>3</p>
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Spongy bone/red bone marrow

4

<p>4</p>
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Medullary caity

5

<p>5</p>
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Endosteum

6

<p>6</p>
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Epiphyseal line

7

<p>7</p>
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Articular cartilage

8

<p>8</p>
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Masseter

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Brachiocephalicus

in neck

<p>in neck</p>
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Sternocephalicus

on neck

<p>on neck</p>
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Trapezius

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Serratus ventralis

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Latissimus dorsi

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Deltoid

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Supraspinatus

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Infraspinatus

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Pectoral

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Triceps brachii

in thoracic limb

<p>in thoracic limb</p>
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External intercostal

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Caudal-ventral

External intercostal fiber orientation

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Internal intercostal

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Cranial-ventral

Internal intercostal fiber orientation

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Diaphragm

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External abdominal oblique

In abdomen

<p>In abdomen</p>
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caudal-ventral

External abdominal oblique muscle fiber orientation

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Internal abdominal oblique

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cranial-ventral

Internal abdominal oblique muscle fiber orientation