AS 215L Midterm :(

Chromatin

Threadlike granules dispersed throughout nucleus

Cytosol

Gelatinous fluid that contains organelles

Endoplasmic reticulum

Found in the cytoplasm and is a transport system within the cell - can be smooth or rough

Golgi apparatus

Processes and packages protein molecules for export

Haploid

one-half the chromosome number

Inclusions

Nonliving structures within cytoplasm

Integral proteins

Protein channels within the plasma membrane that allow certain substances to enter the cell

Lysosomes

Membranous structure in cell that contains potent digestive enzymes

Meiosis

Cellular reproductive processes that results in offspring with half as many chromosomes as the cell they originated from

Microfilaments

Contractile protein with ability to shorten; found within cytosol

Microvilli

Finger like folds in the plasma membrane that act to increase the surface area for absorption

Mitochondria

Manufactures energy for cellular use (powerhouse)

Mitosis

Cellular reproductive process that results in identical daughter cell

Nucleoli

Assembly sites for ribosomal particles - found within the nucleus

Nucleus

Control center for the cell, chromosomes are found within this structure

Organelles

Highly organized sub-cellular living system. Metabolically active structures that. have their own characteristic shape and function.

Persoxisomes

Membranous sacs found within the oxidase enzymes in cell

Phospholipids

Arranged in two layers in the plasma membrane called the fluid mosaic

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis

Cardiac muscle

Skeletal muscle

Smooth muscle

Cell body/soma

Controls metabolism of neuron

Axon

Conducts impulses away from the neuron

Dendrite

Receives impulses from other neurons

White matter

#1

Gray matter

#2

Pineal body

#3

Thalamus

#4

Corpus callosum

#5

Hypothalamus

#6

Sensory nerve fibers

Carry impulses toward the brain

Sulci

The little grooves/valleys on surface of cerebrum

Gyri

The little folds/hills on the surface of the cerebrum

Longitudinal fissure

Separates the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres

Corpus callosum

Structure made up of nerve fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres

Pia mater

The innermost layer of the meninges

Cerebrum

Part of brain associated with intelligence and learning ability

Medulla oblongata

The caudal part of the brainstem that becomes the spinal cord

Dura mater

The outermost layer of the meninges

Sciatic nerve

The nerve that lies just beneath the biceps femoris muscle

Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem

4 divisions of brain

The brain and spinal cord

Structures make up the CNS

Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal body

Structures of the diencephalon

Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

Structures of the brainstem

Cerebellum

Section of the brain that coordinates movements and helps an animal maintain balance and upright posture

The brainstem

section of the brain that controls primitive, autonomic functions

The dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Three layers of meninges

Tapetum lucidum

Causes green reflection from the eyes of an animal in low light

Rods

Photoreceptors used for dim light vision and shapes

Iris

Part of the eye that controls how much light is let in

Limbus junction

Junction between the cornea and sclera

Optic disk

Blind spot of eye

Ciliary body

Muscular ring of tissue that surrounds lens and adjusts its shape

Lens

Helps focus clear image on retina

Cornea

Clear window that admits light into interior of eye

Retina

Inner nervous layer of the eye where photoreceptors are located

Vitreous humor

The soft, gelatinous substance that fills the vitreous compartment

Bulbar conjunctiva

The transparent membrane that lines the inner portion of the eyelid

Lateral canthus

Lateral corner of the eye where upper and lower eyelids connect

Cochlea

Cavity in the temporal bone that contains the hearing portion of the inner ear

Choroid

Portion of middle vascular layer in eye consisting of blood vessels

Cones

Photoreceptors that perceive color and detail

Tympanic membrane

What is the eardrum called

Sclera

White of the eye

Eustachian tube

Tube that connects the middle ear cavity to the throat for pressure relief

Malleus, incus, stapes

Ossicles

Compact bone

Solid bone found in shaft

Cancellous bone

Spongy bone found in ends

Long bone

Shape?

Short bone

Shape?

Flat

Shape?

Proximal epiphysis

1

Diaphysis

2

Distal epiphysis

3

Spongy bone/red bone marrow

4

Medullary caity

5

Endosteum

6

Epiphyseal line

7

Articular cartilage

8

Masseter

Brachiocephalicus

in neck

Sternocephalicus

on neck

Trapezius

Serratus ventralis

Latissimus dorsi

Deltoid

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Pectoral

Triceps brachii

in thoracic limb

External intercostal

Caudal-ventral

External intercostal fiber orientation

Internal intercostal

Cranial-ventral

Internal intercostal fiber orientation

Diaphragm

External abdominal oblique

In abdomen

caudal-ventral

External abdominal oblique muscle fiber orientation

Internal abdominal oblique

cranial-ventral

Internal abdominal oblique muscle fiber orientation