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Trauma/Fracture, degenerative disc disease (spinal instability), evaluation of primary and secondary malignancies, arthritis, suspected spinal instability, Shoulder or arm pain, Hip or leg pain, Occipital headache, Limitations in motion, Planned or prior surgery, Suspected congenital abnormalities, Syndromes associated with spinal abnormality, Evaluation of spinal abnormality seen on other imaging studies, Follow-up of known abnormality
Spine Radiograph indications
Canadian C-Spine Rule
What is the following imagining referring to?
alignment and Anatomy, disk height (as well as the facets)
X-Ray Interpretations
Acute trauma, Degenerative conditions and osteoarthritis, Bone Density (Osteoporosis), Infectious processes of the spine, “With Contrast”- Intravenous injection to observe blood vessels and vascular tissues, Image guidance for spinal interventions, Neoplastic conditions, Inflammatory lesions, Congenital or developmental spinal abnormalities (ex. Scoliosis), Spinal cord syrinxes or intrathecal masses when MRI is contraindicated, Myelogram- water soluble contrast media into subarachnoid space to observe spinal cord, Post-op evaluation of bone graph or instrument fusion
Spine CT indications
Alignment and Anatomy, Bone Density Canal Space, Disk Integrity, Soft Tissues
CT Interpretations
A spine MRI focuses more on soft tissue
What is the difference between a Spine MRI and spine CT
Suspected Disc Herniations or Degenerative Disc Disease (radicular symptoms), Extradural soft tissue, Intradural masses/tumors, Post-op soft tissue changes, Intrinsic spinal cord pathology, Bony neoplasm, Spinal vascular malformations, Spinal infections, MRI with contrast- outlines tissue with abnormal vasculature
Spine MRI indications
Alignment, Bone Signal, Canal space and central nervous system, Disk integrity (Bulging, Herniation, Protrusion and Extrusion)
MRI interpretations
AP open-mouth cervical spine, articulation of C1-C2 ( atlantoaxial joint). fracture of dens
What's the view and what can you see in it?
after head injuries
When do you take an AP open-mouth cervical spine radiograph?
vertical column: A-P view. Spinous processes are midline. Lateral column: Lateral view
What view is this?
lateral cervical spine radiograph.
Anterior borders create lordotic curve. box like vertebral bodes. disk spaces. articular pillars and facet joints
What view is this? What do you see in it?
right posterior oblique cervical spine radiograph.
useful for observing the intervertebral foramen
What view is this? What is it useful for?
avulsion fracture and ligament rupture. disc height increased in the picture on the right in the lower vertebrae
What is the picture showing? How do you know?
Tear Drop fracture. flexion or extension injury
What is this picture showing? What is the MOI?
Degenerative disk disease
Name the pathology
position of the dens. diameter of spinal canal. width of spinal canal should equal width of vertebral body
What should you note about the dens? and the spinal canal?
vertebral alignment
What is the picture showing?
dens fracture
What is this picture showing?
Fracture through vertebral body
What is this picture showing?
T1 sagittal MRI at midline
What view is this?
Whiplash
What pathology is this?
Disk prolapse with spinal cord compression
What pathology is this?
kyphosis and compression fractures in osteoporotic female
Name the pathology
Seatbelt fracture (horizontal split of the vertebrae). When the spine is forcefully flexed forward, often during a MVA
What type of fracture is this? When does it occur?
multiple rib fractures
What is this radiograph showing?
the cobb angle
What is this radiograph showing?
scoliosis
Name the pathology
normal PA chest radiograph. Diaphragm at T10 and ribs T1-T10
Name the view. What structures can you see in it?
1. superior vena cava
2. ascending aorta
3. right atrium
4. inferior vena cava
5. left subclavian vein/artery
6. aortic arch
7. pulmonary artery
8. left atrium
9. left ventricle
Number the picture
pneumothorax (collapsed lung)
Name the pathology
the trachea deviates away from the side of the pneumothorax
Which way does the trachea deviate in a pneumothorax?
AP projection
What position is this?
lateral projection
What position is this?
A. RPO (right posterior oblique)
B. LPO (left posterior oblique)
What positions are these? A and B
L5-S1 and S1 joints
what joints can we see in these radiographs
spondylolysis
Name the pathology
spondylolysis
Name the pathology
disruption of pars interarticularis or a scotty dog fracture
What is spondylolysis
slippage of superior vertebrae on inferior vertebrae
what is spondylolisthesis
spondylolisthesis
Name the pathology
spondylolisthesis
Name the pathology
Narrowing of the spinal canal
What is spinal stenosis?
spinal stenosis
Name the common pathology
disk herniation
Name the pathology
ankylosing spondylitis
Name the pathology
inflammatory disease of the spine
What is ankylosing spondylitis?
Spina bifida occulta
Name the pathology
vertebrae do not completely close during fetal development
what is spina bifida occulta?
