CISB 11 Module 8-9 Review + Questions

What is the difference between the Internet and the WWW?

you need the internet to access WWW, WWW is all of the web pages you can access using internet

Name two technological breakthroughs that led to the rapid growth of the Internet.

hyperlinks, web browser, use graphical images

Cable

Available in areas where a cable company has installed coaxial cable lines and offers Internet service. Requires a cable modem provided by cable company.

DSL

Provided by the local telephone company. Uses a DSL modem connected to the telephone line. A main disadvantage of DSL is it is only available to users who live within three miles of a telephone switching station that supports DSL

Fiber

Available in areas where fiber optic cable is installed all the way to the home or building.

Wi Fi

allow wireless users to connect to the Internet via a wireless access point

Mobile broadband

Used by cell phones and other mobile devices. It uses the service plan provided by the mobile device provider. The mobile device either sends signal to the nearest cell tower or to a wireless access point

plan provided by the mobile device provider. The mobile device either sends signal to

the nearest cell tower or to a wireless access point

Satellite

available to users who have a satellite dish and satellite modem. Satellite is slower than the other Internet connection options mentioned above. However, it can be installed in remote areas (deserts, mountains, boats)

What is an Internet service provider?

a company that provides Internet access

Bandwidth

measure of how fast data is transmitted per second measured in Megabits

per second (Mbps) or Gigabits per second (Gbps)

Internet Protocol (IP) address

numeric address assigned to a computer on a network

domain name

a text-based name of a Web server

Toplevel domain (TLD)

suffix of the domain name. It indicates the type of an organization that owns the Web site (com,edu,gov,org,etc.)

organization that owns the Web site (com,edu,gov,org,etc.)

domain name system (DNS)

method that the Internet uses to store domain names and their corresponding IP addresses

World Wide Web (WWW)

is billions of Web pages that can be accessed by using the Internet

the Internet

web site

is a collection of related web pages

HTML (hypertext markup language)

is a set of symbols that developers use to specify the content that will be displayed on the web page (text, images, links, videos) and where and how the content will be displayed

CSS (cascading style sheets)

are templates that specify the web page design and appearance

appearance.

JavaScript

is a web scripting language that enables a web page to have interactivity

browser

is a program that enables a user to search for information and web pages.

home page

is the first web page the user sees when they visit a web site.

URL (uniform resource locator) address

is the address of a specific web page

hyperlink (or link)

is an image, word or phrase that, when clicked, takes the user to a web page

different web page.

web app

is an application stored on a web server that you can access through a browser

browser

mobile app

is downloaded to a mobile device from an app store, installed on the hard drive of the mobile device and processed by the CPU of the mobile device

Search sites

enable users to search for information on the Internet

spider (also called web crawler)

program uses hyperlinks located on Web pages to jump continually from page to page across the WWW

jump continually from page to page across the WWW

search engine

program matches the keywords entered into the search textbox by the user with similar words contained in the search database.

cookie

is a small text file that is created by a Web server when you are on a web site.

hashtag

is a word(s) preceded by a # symbol that describes or categorizes a social media post

media post

blog

(short for weblog) is an informal website consisting of articles or posts in a journal format

journal format.

wiki

is a website that enables users to organize, edit and share information

Streaming

is a technology that enables users to listen to or watch the first part of an audio or video file while the rest of the file is still transmitting.

Netiquette

It is the code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet.

What is web publishing?

creation and maintenance of websites

What is a plug in program?

program that extends the capability of a browser by enabling the browser to open and view multimedia objects or files that it previously could not

What is VOIP?

(voice over Internet Protocol) enables users to speak to other users via their Internet connection

What is FTP?

(file transfer protocol) is an Internet standard that allows file uploading and downloading to and from other computers on the Internet.

A type of high speed Internet access that gets slower connection speeds as more people in a neighborhood use it is called ____________.

cable

types of information that search databases store about web pages

page’s URL, title, frequently used words and author provided keywords

The web address of specific web page within a web site is called the ________.

Uniform resource locator

When users enter the _________ name of a web site, the browser takes them to the web site’s home page.

domain

The Internet, which was first known as the ARPANET, was created in 1969 by ________.

The United Stated Department of Defense

Search sites use small automated programs called __________ to gather information about web pages.

Spider or web crawler programs

A ________ is an image, word or phrase that, when clicked, takes the user to a different web page.

hyperlink

The web development language that informs browsers how and where to display web page content is __________?

Hypertext markup language (HTML)

Web developers use a tool called ­­­­­__________ to insure that all web pages in a web site share similar formatting.

Cascading style sheets (CSS)

Some web sites are able to store information you enter into the computer when you use their web site. This information, which is stored as a small text file on your hard drive, is commonly called a ___________ file.

cookie

The billions of web pages stored on web servers around the world are collectively known as the ___________.

Worldwide web

_________refers to how fast data is transmitted across a network (measured in bits per second).

bandwidth

The device in a home or business that sends signals to and receives signals from the ISP is a _________.

Modem

________ is a web scripting language that enables a user to interact with a web page (such as an electronic shopping cart).

javascript

An ___________ is the numeric address assigned to a computer on a network

Internet protocol address

People who live in remote areas or are on a boat or plane can still get high-speed internet access using what technology?

Satellite technology

What is an information system?

collects, stores, and processes data to provide useful, accurate, and timely information to an organization. It consists of hardware, software, people, procedures and policies.

Transaction processing systems

systems that enable businesses to perform routine transactions, such as order entry, payroll, and accounting systems

transactions, such as order entry, payroll, and accounting systems

Management information systems

systems that provide managers and executives information they need to make business decisions

decision support system

helps people make decisions by accessing data, manipulating data, generating statistical projections and creating data models of various scenarios

ERP systems

a large, integrated application that is used by all of a company’s departments

Ecommerce systems

refer to business transactions that are conducted electronically over a computer network

A Supply chain management (SCM) system

consists of all the processes and procedures involved in moving a product or service from the supplier to the customer.

• A Customer relationship management (CRM) system

Electronic data interchange (EDI) systems

systems that enable two different companies to exchange data electronically using a network

Office systems

HW and SW that increase productivity and enable communications

What are the two reasons why companies decide to build a new computer system?

to fix a problem, to gain a strategic advantage over competitors

What is outsourcing?

when a company contracts with an outside vendor for all or part of its IT functions

What are the advantages of outsourcing?

cheaper, can do the job better, faster technology, and flexible staffing options

What are the disadvantages of outsourcing?

potential conflict between employees and outsourcing personnel, time zone differences, cultural differences, language barriers, control and security, and less verbal communication

What is the system development life cycle?

an organized sequence of steps used to develop an information system. It begins with the initial request for a new system and ends when the new system is fully operational and problem free.

Know the five phases of the SDLC

Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation, Maintenance

Planning Phase

• defines the problems with the current system

• creates a short description

• estimates the costs and benefits

• creates a list of project team members

• creates a schedule

Analysis Phase

gathers detailed information about the current system, analyzes the collected data, identifies the requirements for the new system.

Design Phase

• determines what the new system must do

• creates a list of criteria that will be used to compare alternative system solutions

• identifies and evaluates potential hardware and software alternatives

• decides whether to purchase software, create their own software or buy a turnkey system

Implementation Phase

• decides whether to buy contract out for HW and/or SW

• new applications are purchased or created and tested

• new HW and SW is installed

• data files and databases from the old system are transferred to the new system

• the entire new system is tested and problems corrected

• system documentation (network models, user manuals, procedure handbooks) is completed

• users are trained

Maintenance Phase

• makes backups of programs, files and databases

• provides help to users either through an in house or third party company help desk

• fixes new hardware and software problems

• purchases new hardware and software to update or expand upon the system

• modifies existing software to satisfy new user requests

• optimizes the system for speed and security

Explain the prototype approach to system development.

designing and building a small model (prototype) of the new system. The model is presented to users for their review and feedback.

List five risks that could cause an information system to shut down

Natural disasters

• Power outages

• Equipment failure

• Human error

• Software failure

• Acts of war

• Security Vulnerabilities

What is a disaster recovery plan?

a step by step listing of the strategies that a company has in place to protect itself from disasters and the steps the company will follow to get back up and running quickly if a disaster occurs

List six strategies that should be included in a disaster recovery plan

oCheck on the health status of each employee if a disaster occurs

o Continue critical business operations

o Minimize the downtime if there is a serious disruption of operations

o Establish management succession and emergency powers o Facilitate effective coordination of recovery tasks

o Have backups of all programs and data

o Recover critical data that has been lost

o Arrange for a backup facility if the primary facility is no longer operational

o Account for all the company's assets so they can be replaced o Arrange with local vendors to purchase large quantities of replacement hardware

o Rebuild its network by using network diagrams