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5 Functional Groups of thalamic nuclei, projections



Sensory specific thalamic nuclei: VPM, VPL function, inputs and outputs
VPM → M = Mouth (face + taste)
VPL → L = Limbs (rest of the body)

VPL Pathway: 1st, 2nd, 3rd order neurons, decussation point, input and output.

VPM Pathway: 1st, 2nd, 3rd order neurons, decussation point, input and output.

LGN, MGN: input, output , pathway
• Lateral Geniculate (LGN)
➢ Input from optic tract (from retina)
➢ Outputs to primary visual cortex (via optic radiation) •
Medial Geniculate (MGN)
➢ Input from inferior brachium (from ……cochlear) ➢ Output to primary auditory area (via auditory radiation)

VA, VL, function, functional thalamic group, pathway
• Ventral Anterior (VA) and Ventral Lateral (VL)
➢ Input from basal ganglia motor loop (globus pallidus internal)
➢ Input from cerebellum motor loop (interposed and dentate nuclei)
➢ Outputs to pre-motor (PMC) ,supplementary motor (SMA), and primary motor (M1) cortices

Limbic specific thalamic nuclei name, function, input, output , papez circuit

MD, LD, LP, Pul, DM: are part of which thalamic nuclei functional group. INputs and outputs of each
MD = Mind (attention, planning, cognition)
Lateral Posterior + Pulvinar = Looking PTO
LD = Limbic diary

Non-specific thalamic nuclei name and inputs/outputs
