Art Appreciation finals

Classical World

Greek and Roman Civilizations which aimed to embody the highest possible standard of quality.

Geometric Period

A period when geometric shapes and patterns have taken the spotlight in most of the artworks in Greece.

Archaic Period

A period that placed importance on human figures in Greece, primarily a result of Greece's trading activities with other civilizations.

Classical Period

The peak of Greek sculpture and architecture. A time when the Greeks found themselves rebuilding their temples and focusing on creating artworks.

Hellenistic Period

The time of Alexander the Great. Art was primarily focused on showcasing emotions and depicting reality.

Lacoon and His Sons

A Hellenistic sculpture that depicts Lacoon, a Trojan priest, and his sons being strangled by serpents.

Dionysus

The god of fertility. The followers of Dionysus started the Greek theater.

Middle Ages

The period between the decline of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance, characterized by ignorance and darkness, and the Church as the central figure.

Romanesque

A style of cathedrals during the Middle Ages (1050-1200), inspired by the old Roman Empire.

Gothic

A style of cathedrals during the Middle Ages (1200-1500), which had a more northern flavor from the Goths.

Renaissance Art

A period when artists valued the "individual" as a subject of arts, emphasizing naturalism and perspective of depth.

Mannerism

A period when artists started directly copying subjects from existing works of art, displaying distorted figures and two-dimensional spaces.

Baroque

A period derived from the Portuguese term barocco, meaning "irregularly shaped pearl," characterized by colorful palettes, ornamentation, motion, and space.

1. Neoclassicism

2. Romaticism

3. Realism

4. Impressionism

5. Post-Impressionism

6. Neo-Impressionism

7. Art Nouveau

8. Fauvism

9, Cubism

10. Futurism

10 Arts movements in emerging Europe:

Neoclassicism

A movement that revived Greek and Roman art, emphasizing human reason, order, simplicity, clarity, and balance.

Romanticism

An art movement from the late 18th to mid-19th century that emphasized emotion, individualism, and imagination over rationalism. Key themes included nature and the sublime.

Realism

A style focusing on accurate details to mirror reality, depicting subjects truthfully without artificiality or exaggeration. It emphasizes real-world representation, often focusing on everyday life.

Impressionism

A 19th-century art movement capturing fleeting moments and light effects with visible brushstrokes and bright colors, focusing on landscapes and daily life impressions.

Post-Impressionism

An art movement influenced by and reacting against Impressionism, emphasizing form and personal expression through broken colors and brush strokes, and exploring symbolic and expressive imagery.

Neo-Impressionism

A late 19th-century French art movement building on Impressionism, focusing on scientific color theory and calculated visual effects rather than fleeting impressions.

Pointillism

An art technique basically utilizes discrete dots and dashes of pure color.

Art Nouveau

An ornamental style of art and design (1890-1910) characterized by long, sinuous, organic lines inspired by nature, rejecting conservative historicism.

Fauvism

A style using pure, vibrant colors directly on canvas for an explosion of color. Means "wild beasts" in French; a short-lived art movement with bold, non-naturalistic colors applied spontaneously.

Cubism

A revolutionary art style primarily developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque that represents reality through geometric shapes and fragmented views.

Futurism

Italian art movement (1909-1914) celebrating technology, speed, and dynamism, breaking from tradition to embrace the energy of the modern world.

Stone Age

A period of history when stones were used to make tools for survival.

Paleolithic Period

Late years of the Old Stone Age (14,000-2,000 BCE).

Mesolithic Period

Middle Stone Age (14,000-2,000 BCE).

Neolithic Period

New Stone Age (14,000-2,000 BCE).

Hall of Bulls

Cave paintings found in Lascaux, France.

Venus of Willendorf

Highly abstracted woman from highlighted body parts associated with fertility.

Stonehenge

Monumental structure in Southern England, potentially a temple or complex calendar.

Nile River

The river in Africa that flows north to the Mediterranean and was worshipped as a god.

Narmer Palette

A cosmetic palette found in Egypt that utilized and applied dark colors around King Narmer's eyes.

Pyramids in Giza

Served as tombs for pharaohs and were constructed using limestone blocks.

Hyksos

Asiatic Tribe that introduced Bronze Age weapons and horses to the Egyptians.

Mortuary Temples

__ carved out of living rocks that served as a sanctuary for the dead and a place of worship for the living.

Amarna Revolution

Revolution led by King Akhenaton and Queen Nefertiti that moved the capital to Tel El-Amarna and shifted the religion to monotheism.

Aton

The sun god that King Akhenaton wanted everyone to worship during the Amarna Revolution.

Howard Carter

Discovered the tomb of Tutankhamen in 1922.

Line

A point moving at an identifiable path with length, direction, and width. It can define perimeters or become a substantial component of the composition.

*Horizontal and Vertical lines

*Diagonal and Crooked lines

*Curved lines

Different lines:

Horizontal Lines

Lines associated with rest or calm, conveying a visual sense of being parallel to the ground or alluding to the position of a reclined body at rest.

Vertical Lines

Lines that connote elevation or height, usually taken to mean exaltation or aspiration for action. Together with horizontal lines, they communicate stability and firmness.

Diagonal Lines

Lines that convey movement and instability.

Crooked or Jagged Lines

Lines reminiscent of violence, conflict, or struggle.

Curved Lines

Lines that bend or coil, alluding to softness, grace, flexibility, or even sensuality.

Shape

Refers to two dimensions: height and width. It defines the space occupied by an object of art.

Form

Refers to three dimensions: height, width, and depth. It defines the space occupied by an object of art.

Geometric Shapes

Shapes that find origin in mathematical propositions, often man-made, such as squares, triangles, cubes, circles, spheres, and cones.

Organic Shapes

Shapes that are readily occurring in nature, often irregular and asymmetrical.

Space

Inferred from a sense of depth, whether real or simulated. It can be three-dimensional or implied in two-dimensional artworks through techniques like shading or the use of area around a drawing or picture.

It has 2 types: Positive and Negative & Three-dimentional

Positive Space

The space where shadow is heavily used.

Negative Space

Usually identified with the white space.

Color

An element of art that enhances the appeal of an artwork, allowing viewers to make responses based on memory, emotion, and instinct. It is a property of light as it is reflected off an object.

Hue

The dimension of color that gives its name and can be subdivided into primary, secondary, and tertiary colors.

Value

Refers to the brightness or darkness of color, used by artists to create the illusion of depth and solidity, communicate a feeling, or establish a scene.

It has 2 types: Tint and Shade

Tint

A lighter color than the normal value (e.g., pink for red).

Shade

A darker color than the normal value (e.g., maroon for red).

Intensity

The color's brightness or dullness, identified as the strength of color, whether it is vivid or muted.

Monochromatic Harmonies

Use the variations of a hue.

Complementary Harmonies

Involve two colors opposite each other in the color wheel, creating an intense reaction.

Analogous Harmonies

Make use of two colors beside each other in the color wheel.

Texture

An element in an artwork experienced through the sense of touch (and sight), rendering the art object tactile. It can be real or implied.

Surface Texture

Refers to the texture of the three-dimensional art object.

Planes and Perspective

Principles and techniques used in pictorial art to create an illusion of depth and three-dimensionality on a two-dimensional surface.

Picture Plane

The actual surface of the painting or drawing, where no illusion of a third dimension exists.

Vanishing Point

The point at which parallel lines seem to converge when they recede into a distance.

*One point perspective

*Two point perspective

*Three point perspective

3 types of Perspective:

One-Point Perspective

Often used in depicting roads, tracks, hallways, or rows of trees; this type of perspective shows parallel lines that seem to converge at a specific and lone vanishing point, along the horizon line.

Two-Point Perspective

Pertains to a painting or drawing that makes use of two vanishing points, which can be placed anywhere along the horizon line.

Three-Point Perspective

The viewer is looking at a scene from above or below; makes use of three vanishing points, each corresponding to each axis of the scene.

Rhythm

Dynamics

Melody

Harmony

Timbre

Texture

Some common elements of music:

Rhythm

The element of music that situates it in time, often associated with the terms beat, meter, and tempo; it is the pulse of the music.

Dynamics

The element of music that refers to the loudness or quietness of music.

Melody

Refers to the linear presentation (horizontal) of pitch, read in succession from left to right in musical notation. Pitch is the highness or lowness of musical sound.

Harmony

Vertical; it arises when pitches are combined to form chords. Dissonance is the harsh-sounding combination, while consonance is the smooth-sounding combination.

Timbre

Often likened to the color of music, it is a quality that distinguishes a voice or an instrument from another.

Texture

The number of melodies, the type of layers, and their relatedness in a composition is the __ of music. It may be:

Monoponic - single melodic line

Polyphonic - two or more melodic lines

Homophonic - main melody accompanied by chords

1. Balance

2. Scale and Proportion

3. Emphasis

4. Contrast

5. Unity

6. Variety

7. Harmony

8. Movement

9. Rhythm

10. Repetition

11. Pattern

Principles of Art:

Balance

This principle refers to the distribution of the visual elements in view of their placement in relation to each other.

*Symmetrical

*Asymmetrical

*Radial

3 forms of Balance:

Scale

Pertains to the size in relation to what is normal for the figure or object in question.

Proportion

The size of the components, or of objects in relation to one another when taken as a composition or a unit. It can be Natural, Exaggerated, and Idealized

Emphasis

Allows the attention of the viewer to a focal point(s), accentuating or drawing attention to these elements or objects.

Contrast

The disparity between the elements that figure into the composition. One object may be made stronger compared to other objects (hence, emphasis).

Unity

Compositions are intended to imbue a sense of accord or completeness from the artwork.

Variety

Aims to retain interest by allowing patches or areas that both excite and allow the eye to rest.

Harmony

The elements or objects achieve a sense of flow and interconnectedness.

Movement

Refers to the direction of the viewing eye as it goes through the artwork, often guided by areas or elements that are emphasized.

Rhythm

Created when an element is repeated, creating implied movement.

Repetition

Lines, shapes, colors, and other elements may appear in an artwork in a recurring manner.

Pattern

The image created out of repetition. With repetition, there is a sense of predictability that is conveyed, which in turn imbues the feelings of security and calmness.

Hybrid Arts

Referencing and tapping into the fields of robotics, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, natural and computer sciences, telecommunications, information, digital and interface technologies (software programs, speech and face recognition, social media and online platforms, among many other emergent developments), artists whose works tread under this movement disrupt the norms in terms of what is considered as art, and even the way people envisage artistic production.

*The Order of National Artists

*Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA)

What are the two awards given to artists in the Philippines?

Creativity

According to Peter Drucker, what type of knowledge fuels the twenty-first century?

The systematization and sophistication that the art world has become

What integral development allowed the identity of an 'artist' to fully emerge?

Skills qualification

What was needed for an apprentice to register under a particular craft guild?

A type of social fellowship structured with rules, customs, rights, and responsibilities.

What were guilds?

The communal and the everyday

Art in the Philippines, prior to patronship, was done with what spirit?