Matter/Energy/Static Electricity

Sem 1

Matter

anything with mass and volume

States of Matter

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Elements

a substance that cannot be reduced to a simpler form and is still recognizable as an atom

Compound

a chemical combination of 2 or more elements

Atom

a basic unit of matter consisting of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons

Molecule

an electrically neutral group of 2 or more atoms held together by covalent chemical bonds

The atom: outer shell

valence shell: low energy and electrons can be easily transferred

What happens when an electron leaves the atom

becomes positively charged (positive ion)

Which way does current energy flow

negative to positive

Losing electron

positive

Gaining electron

negative

Insulators

cause drag on electrons, preventing current flow

Conductors

have excess free electrons, promote current flow

Semiconductors

neutral

Scientific Notion

way of expressing numbers that are too large/small to be conveniently written as a decimal

Static Electricity

build up of an electrical charge on the surface of an object

What must be done when fueling an aircraft

the fuel truck and aircraft must be grounded and bonded together to neutralize ant static charge

Bonding

connecting all metal structures of a plane to be the same charge

Magnetism

property of an object to attract certain metallic substances

Electromagnetic fields of force (flux)

the field of magnets is made up of many individual lines of force. Lines are called magnetic flux

Electromagnetism

magnetic fields can be generated by conductors with electric current moving through them

Faraday’s law of induction

a basic law of electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic field interacts in an electric circuit to produce an electromagnetic induction

Magnetic field on a coil

if a wire is coiled into multiple loops, the flux lines concentrate together, forming a more powerful field

Tera - T

10^12

Giga - G

10^9

Mega - M

10^6

Kilo - K

10³

Milli - m

10^-3

Micro - u

10^-6

Nano - n

10^-9

Pico - p

10^-12

Express 0.015 Ampheres in scientific notation

1.5 × 10^-2 A

What is the relationship between mass and weight

Mass is constant; weight changes based on gravity

Scientific notation: 0.000070 Farads into microfarads (uF)

70 uF

What particles reside within the nucleus of a standard atom

protons and neutrons

0.000050 Farads into microfarads (uF)

50 uF

How does a static discharge wick help dissipate accumulated static charge during flight

concentrates electrostatic fields at carbon fibers to ionize air

What type of storage is required for protecting sensitive solid-state integrated circuits from ESD damage

conductive anti-static shielding bags

An atom that gains one or more orbital electrons becomes

a negatively charged ion (anion)

Chemical compound

substance formed by chemically combining two or more different elements

Fundamental physical definition of a molecule

smallest particle retaining its chemical identity and properties

According to the left-hand rule for a current-carrying conductor, what do the thumb and wrapped fingers represent

thumb points to electron flow, fingers point to magnetic flux lines

What characteristic of an insulator’s atomic structure prevents the flow of electrical current

its valence electrons are extremely tightly bound to their parent atoms

Why is aluminum extensively used for main aircraft power wiring instead of copper

aluminum has a much lighter weight-to-conductivity ratio than copper

What metal is classified as the best overall conductor of electrical current

silver

Why do avionics ESD safety wrist straps have built-in 1 Megohm resistor

to stop lethal current from accidental high-voltage contact

What is the outermost electron shell of an atom called and what are it’s electrons called

Valence shell; valence electrons

What is the fundamental definition of static electricity

an accumulation of electrical charge on an insulated body that is at rest

What is the critical grounding and bonding sequence during fueling to prevent static spark ignition of vapors

Ground plane, ground truck, bond them, connect nozzle

Why do metals function as highly effective conductors of electricity

possess an abundance of loosely bound free electrons in valence orbits