COMP COMPONENTS

HARDWARE

All of the electronic and mechanical equipment in a computer is called the hardware.

HARDWARE

Examples include motherboard, hard disk, RAM, power supply, processor, case, monitor, keyboard, mouse.

MOTHERBOARD

Main component of a computer Consider as the “ Heart of a Computer”.

MOTHERBOARD

Goal is for every component of the computer is to communicate with each other.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

Also known as the “Brain of a Computer”.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

Performs all the calculations, decisionmaking, and instructions.

RAM

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

Temporary storage used while the computer is running

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

It is a type of volatile memory, meaning it only keeps data while the computer is powered on.

HDD

HARD DISK DRIVE

HARD DISK DRIVE

The main storage device of a computer

HARD DISK DRIVE

Acts like the computer’s memory vault, keeping your data safe even when the computer is turned off.

SSD

SOLID STATE DRIVE

SOLID STATE DRIVE

is a modern storage device that replaces the older, slower Hard Disk Drive

SOLID STATE DRIVE

is a non-volatile storage device that stores data using flash memory chips instead of spinning disks (like in HDDs)

GPU

GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT

GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT

is a hardware component responsible for rendering images, videos, and animations on your computer’s display

GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT

makes modern games, animations, and creative software look realistic and smooth.

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

Hardware component that converts electrical power from an outlet (AC – Alternating Current) into a form that the computer components can use (DC – Direct Current)

PSU

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

POWER SUPPLY UNITj

It’s like the heart of the computer, pumping electrical power to every component so the entire system can function.

COMPUTER CASE

Also known as the system unit or chassis

COMPUTER CASE

Is the enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer system, excluding peripherals like the monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

COOLING SYSTEM

A combination of hardware components and mechanisms that help regulate and maintain optimal temperature inside a computer.

COOLING SYSTEM

Keeping everything running smoothly and prevent damage, computers use a cooling system — a set of fans, heat sinks, or even liquid cooling units designed to remove excess heat

WIRELESS CARD

Hardware component that enables a computer to connect to wireless networks such as Wi-Fi.

WIRELESS CARD

Sends and receives radio signals between the computer and the wireless router or access point, allowing access to the internet without physical cables.

SOFTWARE

The term software is used to describe computer programs that perform a task or tasks on a computer system.

System Software

These are the programs that control the operation of the computer system. Operating systems and utility programs are the most common.

Application Software

This software is used to do non-system based tasks. Categories include business software, engineering software, medical software, games etc

COMPUTER SYSTEM

is a collection of electronic and mechanical devices operating as a unit.

PC COMPONENTS

These devices can be sorted according to the role they play in the computer system.

Input Devices

These devices are used to get data into the computer system.

Processing devices

These manipulate the data using to a set of instructions called a program.

Output devices

These are used to get data out of a computer system.

Storage devices

These can store the data for use at a later stage

Communication devices

These can send the data to another computer system.

STORAGE

is a place where we can store data, files, information, and other important documents we need for future references.

Optical Storage

uses laser light to read and write data on discs.

Optical Storage

Examples: CD, DVD and Blu-Ray Dis

Magnetic Storage

uses magnetized surfaces to record data in the form of tiny magnetic patterns.

Magnetic Storage

Examples: Hard Disk and Floppy Disk

Flash Memory

stores data electronically using transistors — no moving parts involved.

Flash Memory

Examples: USB, Memory Card, SD Card

Primary Storage

Also known as main memory.

Primary Storage

Main Memory

is directly or indirectly connected to the central processing unit via a memory bus

Primary Storage

The CPU continuously reads instructions stored there and executes them as required

Secondary Storage

It is not directly accessible by the CPU

Secondary Storage

Computer usually uses its input/output channels to access secondary storage and transfers the desired data using intermediate area in primary storage

Tertiary Storage

Typically it involves a robotic mechanism which will mount(insert) and dismount removable mass storage media into a storage device

Tertiary Storage

It is a comprehensive computer storage system that is usually very slow, so it is usually used to archive data that is not accessed frequently

Off-line Storage

Also known as disconnected or removable storage

Off-line Storage

Is a computer data storage on a medium or a device that is not under the control of a processing unit

Off-line Storage

It must be inserted or connected by a human operator before a computer can access it again

Primary Storage

Examples: RAM, ROM, Cache

ROM

This memory is used as the computer begins to boot up

Cache

Is a high-speed access area that can be either a researved section of main memory or a storage device

Static RAM

• Faster

• More expensive

• More power consumption

• Does not need to be refreshed

Dynamic RAM

• Slower

• Less Expensive

• Less Power consumption

• Needs to be refreshed thousands of times per second

HARD DISK

is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a computer

HARD DISK

It can store anywhere from 160 gigabytes to 2 terabytes

Magnetic Tape

A magnetically coated strip of plastic on which data can be encoded

Magnetic Tape

Tapes for computers are similar to tapes used to store music

Tape

is much less expsensive than other storage mediums but commonly a much slower solution that is commonly used for backup

Optical Disc

Any storage media that holds content in digital format and is read using laser assembly is considered optical medi

Optical Disc

Most common types are: Blu-ray (BD), Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)

Blue-ray

Term for BD

Compact Disc

Term for CD

Digital Versatile Disc

Term for DVD

Floppy Disk

are slower to access than hard disks and have less storage capacity, but they are much less expensive

Zip Diskette

Hardware data storage device developed by Iomega that functions like a Standard 1.44” floppy drive

USB Flash Drive

A small, portable flash memory card that plugs into a computer’s USB port and functions as a portable hard drive.

Memory Card

An electronic flash memory storage disk commonly used in consumer electronic devices such as digital cameras, MP3 players, mobile phones, and other small portable devices.

Accessibility

Refers to reading or writing data records

Volatility

Votile and Non-Votile Memory

Mutability

Allows information to be overwritten at any time

Addressability

Location-addressable, File addressable, Content-addressable

VOLATILE

Requires constant power to maintain the stored information.

VOLATILE

The fastest memory technologies.

VOLATILE

All contents are erased when the system's power is turned off or interrupted.

VOLATILE

It has been more popularly known as temporary memory.

NON-VOLATILE

Will retain the stored information even if it is not constantly supplied with electric power

NON-VOLATILE

Non-volatile memory is the device which keeps the data even when the current is off

NON-VOLATILE

It is suitable for long-term storage of information

Random Access

Any location in storage can be accessed at any moment in approximately the same amount of time

Random Access

Such characteristic is well suited for primary and secondary storage

Sequential Access

The accessing of pieces of information will be in a serial order, one after the other.

Sequential Access

Such characteristic is typical of off-line storage.