Week 1-Liquids, IMFs, and Phase Behavior

Matter is anything with ______ that takes up space

mass

The four states of matter are

1. Solid

2. Liquid

3. Gas

4. Plasma

Kinetic energy uses ______________ to make matter into a gas

temperature

Intermolecular forces pulls matter back into a ________

solid

Solid has a fixed _______ and volume

shape

Liquid has a fixed _________ and flows

volume

Gas has __ fixed volume or shape

no

Increasing Kinetic energy (heat) fights against ________________ forces to change state

intermolecular

Intramolecular forces are bonds __________ a molecule and are strong

within

Intramolecular forces holds the atoms of one molecule _____________

together

Intermolecular forces are forces ____________ molecules and are weaker

between

London Dispersion Forces are the _________ IMF, but are present in ALL molecules

weakest

London Dispersion Forces are caused by momentary, uneven ________ distribution

electron

The instant dipole induces a _________ in a neighbor in London dispersion forces

dipole

Bigger, more ___________ atoms= stronger dispersion forces

polarizable

electron motion→ instant dipole→___________ dipole→ attraction

induced

Dispersion forces grow stronger with more ________ contact

surface

Compact, branched molecules touch less→ ___________ pull

weaker

Long, straight-chain molecules touch more→ ___________ pull

stronger

Water, ___, and NH3 all boil higher than relatives

HF

Hydrogen bonding induces a strong _______-_________ attraction

dipole-dipole

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the _______ substance

same

Cohesion pulls the surface molecules inward which _________ liquids surface area

minimizes

Surface Tension is the energy needed to ________ a liquid’s surface

stretch

Strong Hydrogen bonding gives water high ________ tension

surface

Viscosity is the __________ to flow

resistance

Stronger cohesive forces= ___________ viscosity

higher

_____ lowers viscosity

Heat

Adhesion is the attraction between ___________ substances

different

When adhesion is greater than cohesion, liquid __________

climbs

When cohesion is greater than adhesion, liquid is pushed ________

down

Adhesion pulls the liquid up the surface; cohesion brings the _____ of the liquid along

rest

Soap molecules are hydrophobic and ____________

hydrophilic

In a closed container, molecules evaporate and __________ at the same time

condense

At equilibrium, the two rates are equal, so the vapor pressure becomes __________

constant

Higher temperature→ more molecules ________→ higher vapor pressure

escape

Vapor pressure depends on strength of substance’s ____, not container size

IMF

Vapor pressure is the pressure of a vapor in ___________ with its liquid at a given temperature

equilibrium

A liquid boils once its vapor pressure equals the _____________ pressure

surrounding

Normal boiling point is at ___ atm

one

Lower outside pressure (high altitude)→ ________ boiling point

lower

Higher outside pressure (pressure cooker)→ _________ boiling point, faster cooking

higher

Changing the ___________ pressure is how we control when a liquid boils

external

The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation lets you predict the ______ pressure at a new temperature or find the Hvap from two data points

vapor