Neuro exam 1 - hypothalamus/ ANS

hypothalamus

What is the small section of the brain near the limbic system that helps maintain body homeostasis?

humeral

The _________ function of the hypothalamus is responsible for influencing the body through endocrine changes

visceromotor, parasympathetic

The ____________ function influences the body through changes to the sympathetic and _________________ nervous systems

somatic, skeletal muscle

The __________function of the hypothalamus influences the body through changes in primarily _____________ __________

body temperature, food, water

The hypothalamus helps control _________ _____________ and the intake of __________ and ___________

emotions and behavior

The hypothalamus is involved in regulating ________ and ___________

circadian rhythm

The hypothalamus controls _____________ _________

pituitary gland

What is the gland that serves as the main connection of the hypothalamus to the endocrine system?

pituitary gland

The command center of the endocrine system is the __________ __________

F (anterior and posterior)

T/F the pituitary gland is split into superior and inferior lobes.

posterior

the _________ lobe of the pituitary gland is like an extension of the hypothalamus.

anterior

The _______ lobe of the pituitary gland acts like a true gland.

magnocellular neurosecretory cells

What type of cells deliver neurohormones directly into blood vessels of the pituitary?

oxytocin and vasopressin

What are two neurohormones delivered to blood vessels of the pituitary gland by magnocellular cells?

oxytocin

___________ is a neurohormone released during sexual/social behaviors. It also casues uterine contractions during childbirth and promotes release of milk from mammary glands

vasopressin

What neurohormone is released during water deprivation and a high concentration of salt in blood?

Parvocellular neurosecretory cells

What cells are present in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

hypothalamus

Parvocellular cells connect the _________ to the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

hypothalamus

________ produces releasing hormones and release-inhibiting hormones

hormones

What are the chemical messengers that travel through blood?

receptors, responses

Hormones attach to ________ on target to evoke _________

adrenocorticotropic hormone

What hormone is responsible for the release of cortisol and corticosteroids from adrenal glands?

blood glucose levels

Cortisol affects _____________, metabolism, and water retention in blood

adrenaline

This acts as an excitatory NT for many sympathetic nervous system pathways

epinephrine

adrenaline is AKA

ovulation

follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone are involved in

thyroid stimulating hormone

What stimulates the release of thyroid hormone?

metabolism

The thyroid hormone regulates

growth hormone

the ____________ ______________ stimulates body growth and muscle mass

prolactin

___________ stimulates the growth and release of milk from mammary glands

glycogen and triglycerides

In what two ways is energy stored?

leptin

What does adipose tissue secrete?

arcuate nucleus

leptin signals to ____________ _______________ of the hypothalamus to reduce eating because adipose levels are normal

unconsiously

The Autonomic Nervous System is a diffuse network of nerves that ____________ control the internal function of the body.

sympathetic nervous system

What division of the ANS readies the body in response to emergency?

parasympathetic nervous system

What division of the ANS undoes the work of the sympathetic system?

glands, smooth, cardiac

ANS innervates __________, and __________ and __________ muscle

T

T/F the sympathetic nervous system effects are temporary and highly consumptive of energy.

F (conserving)

T/F The parasympathetic nervous system concentrates on using energy.

F (less)

T/F the parasympathetic fibers are more numerous than the sympathetic fiber

hypothalamus

Where do both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers originate from?

increases

the Sympathetic NS in the heart ___________ heart rate and force of cardiac contraction

coronary arteries

Sympathetic NS in the heart dilates __________ ___________

increase

Sympathetic NS in the heart aims to __________ blood output to the body

reduce

PSNS in the heart aims to __________ the blood flow in the body

bronchodilation

In the lungs, the sympathetic NS creates ________________, which increases oxygen intake

bronchoconstriction

In the lungs, the PSNS works to create __________________

increase

In the lungs, the PSNS aims to _________ glandular secretion

inhibit

In the GI tract, the sympathetic nervous system aims to __________ peristalsis and the secretion of digestion enzymes

peristalsis, sphincters, digestive enzymes

the PSNS aims to stimulate __________, relax ____________, and increase the secretion of _______________ _______________

reduce

The sympathetic nervous system aims to ________ saliva output

increase

The parasympathetic nervous system aims to _________ saliva output

submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal

In the PSNS, CN VII supplies the ____________ and ______________ salivary glands and the ____________ glands

parotid salivary gland

In the PSNS, CN IX is used to control __________ _________ ___________

restorative

In terms of the PSNS, CN X controls _____________ function from many parts of the body

direct light reflex

___________ __________ ___________ occurs when iris muscles constrict when light strikes the eye, controlled by the PSNS through CN II

consensual light reflex

This reflex occurs when iris muscles on the second eye constrict when light strikes the contralateral eye

A.

Which of the following is not a symptom of sympathetic activation? a. decreased HR b. increased breathing c. dilation of pupils d. trembling e. sweating

blood

orthostatic hypotension occurs when there is not enough _______ in the head

peripheral neuropathy

Orthostatic hypotension can lead to generalized ____________ _______________

orthostatic hypotension

___________ ____________ is a common symptom of diabetes mellitus