Studied by 1 person
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
hypothalamus
What is the small section of the brain near the limbic system that helps maintain body homeostasis?
humeral
The _________ function of the hypothalamus is responsible for influencing the body through endocrine changes
visceromotor, parasympathetic
The ____________ function influences the body through changes to the sympathetic and _________________ nervous systems
somatic, skeletal muscle
The __________function of the hypothalamus influences the body through changes in primarily _____________ __________
body temperature, food, water
The hypothalamus helps control _________ _____________ and the intake of __________ and ___________
emotions and behavior
The hypothalamus is involved in regulating ________ and ___________
circadian rhythm
The hypothalamus controls _____________ _________
pituitary gland
What is the gland that serves as the main connection of the hypothalamus to the endocrine system?
pituitary gland
The command center of the endocrine system is the __________ __________
F (anterior and posterior)
T/F the pituitary gland is split into superior and inferior lobes.
posterior
the _________ lobe of the pituitary gland is like an extension of the hypothalamus.
anterior
The _______ lobe of the pituitary gland acts like a true gland.
magnocellular neurosecretory cells
What type of cells deliver neurohormones directly into blood vessels of the pituitary?
oxytocin and vasopressin
What are two neurohormones delivered to blood vessels of the pituitary gland by magnocellular cells?
oxytocin
___________ is a neurohormone released during sexual/social behaviors. It also casues uterine contractions during childbirth and promotes release of milk from mammary glands
vasopressin
What neurohormone is released during water deprivation and a high concentration of salt in blood?
Parvocellular neurosecretory cells
What cells are present in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
hypothalamus
Parvocellular cells connect the _________ to the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
________ produces releasing hormones and release-inhibiting hormones
hormones
What are the chemical messengers that travel through blood?
receptors, responses
Hormones attach to ________ on target to evoke _________
adrenocorticotropic hormone
What hormone is responsible for the release of cortisol and corticosteroids from adrenal glands?
blood glucose levels
Cortisol affects _____________, metabolism, and water retention in blood
adrenaline
This acts as an excitatory NT for many sympathetic nervous system pathways
epinephrine
adrenaline is AKA
ovulation
follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone are involved in
thyroid stimulating hormone
What stimulates the release of thyroid hormone?
metabolism
The thyroid hormone regulates
growth hormone
the ____________ ______________ stimulates body growth and muscle mass
prolactin
___________ stimulates the growth and release of milk from mammary glands
glycogen and triglycerides
In what two ways is energy stored?
leptin
What does adipose tissue secrete?
arcuate nucleus
leptin signals to ____________ _______________ of the hypothalamus to reduce eating because adipose levels are normal
unconsiously
The Autonomic Nervous System is a diffuse network of nerves that ____________ control the internal function of the body.
sympathetic nervous system
What division of the ANS readies the body in response to emergency?
parasympathetic nervous system
What division of the ANS undoes the work of the sympathetic system?
glands, smooth, cardiac
ANS innervates __________, and __________ and __________ muscle
T
T/F the sympathetic nervous system effects are temporary and highly consumptive of energy.
F (conserving)
T/F The parasympathetic nervous system concentrates on using energy.
F (less)
T/F the parasympathetic fibers are more numerous than the sympathetic fiber
hypothalamus
Where do both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers originate from?
increases
the Sympathetic NS in the heart ___________ heart rate and force of cardiac contraction
coronary arteries
Sympathetic NS in the heart dilates __________ ___________
increase
Sympathetic NS in the heart aims to __________ blood output to the body
reduce
PSNS in the heart aims to __________ the blood flow in the body
bronchodilation
In the lungs, the sympathetic NS creates ________________, which increases oxygen intake
bronchoconstriction
In the lungs, the PSNS works to create __________________
increase
In the lungs, the PSNS aims to _________ glandular secretion
inhibit
In the GI tract, the sympathetic nervous system aims to __________ peristalsis and the secretion of digestion enzymes
peristalsis, sphincters, digestive enzymes
the PSNS aims to stimulate __________, relax ____________, and increase the secretion of _______________ _______________
reduce
The sympathetic nervous system aims to ________ saliva output
increase
The parasympathetic nervous system aims to _________ saliva output
submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal
In the PSNS, CN VII supplies the ____________ and ______________ salivary glands and the ____________ glands
parotid salivary gland
In the PSNS, CN IX is used to control __________ _________ ___________
restorative
In terms of the PSNS, CN X controls _____________ function from many parts of the body
direct light reflex
___________ __________ ___________ occurs when iris muscles constrict when light strikes the eye, controlled by the PSNS through CN II
consensual light reflex
This reflex occurs when iris muscles on the second eye constrict when light strikes the contralateral eye
A.
Which of the following is not a symptom of sympathetic activation? a. decreased HR b. increased breathing c. dilation of pupils d. trembling e. sweating
blood
orthostatic hypotension occurs when there is not enough _______ in the head
peripheral neuropathy
Orthostatic hypotension can lead to generalized ____________ _______________
orthostatic hypotension
___________ ____________ is a common symptom of diabetes mellitus
