Tympanic Membrane

Layers of the TM

Outer, Middle, Inner

Epidermal layer

Outer layer

Fibrous layer

Middle layer

Mucosal layer

Inner layer

Pars flaccida

Outer and inner layers

Ossicalr chain is attached here

pars tensa

Umbo

Where the malleus attaches to the TM

Pars tensa

Stiff and tense, contains all 3 layers. More commonly associated with TMs

Pars flaccida, pars tensa, annular ring, posterior and anterior malleolar fold

TM quadrants

Anterior inferior, anterior superior, posterior inferior, posterior superior

T or F you should be able to see blood vessels in a healthy TM

F

Prevents foreign bodies from entering the middle ear

TM

Bulging TM

due to infection or pus in middle ear

Retraction

When the TM gets pulled into the space behind it

When does retraction happen

Middle ear pressure is too low

Chronic negative pressure in middle ear leads to what

erosion of the ossicles

Cholesteatoma

Cyst of sqamous eputhelium usually in the ME or mastoid

Perforation causes

middle ear dysfunction, infection, rapid pressure changes, trauma

small perforation tx

heal spontaneously

large perforation tx

tympanoplasty

tympanosclerosis

white calcified plaques of connected tissue at TM or head of malleus

monolayer

Sometimes happens after the PE tube comes out

mimics perf

Prevent accumulation of fluid in the ME

PE tube

Tympanosclerosis

Perforation

Bubbles

Retraction

Cholesteatoma

Acquired cholesteatoma

Formed by retraction of TM and skin

congenital cholesteatoma

Caused by ETD and OM; causes CHL

Yellow fluid in bubbly ear means what?

Could be infected

shape of ear canal

concave