History Unit 1 Lesson 3

The Colonies of the Americas

What is an example of the policy of mercantilism?

England established the 13 colonies and tried to control trade there.

The formal document issued by the king that outlined a colony's geographic boundaries and specified how it would be governed was called

. a charter.

Why did the Pilgrims sail to America from the Netherlands, instead of from England

. They had been living in the Netherlands so they could freely practice their religion.

What kind of government did the Puritans establish in Massachusetts?

theocracy

Why did Roger William build a settlement in Providence?

He wanted a colony where people could be free to choose their religion.

How did sea merchants make fortunes in Rhode Island?

A. through the slave trade

In Connecticut, the Fundamental Orders

Was not legally authorized by the king.

Was the first written plan of government for any of the colonies.

Guaranteed the right to vote to all men who were members of the Puritan church.

Why did a group of Puritans form their own colony of New Haven, instead of joining Thomas Connecticut colony?

They wanted to live by stricter laws than those of Connecticut.

Why were people discouraged from settling in New York?

Wealthy landowners charged high rents to farmers who worked the land.

The Duke of York was displeased with the New York assembly that met in 1683 because they

passed laws that outlined the rights of the people.

William Penn founded Pennsylvania, because he wanted a colony where

Quakers could live safely.

Colonists who moved to Pennsylvania came in search of

freedom and equality.

What action did Maryland Governor Leonard Calvert take because of his concern about Catholics?

He had the assembly pass a law to protect their rights.

The colony of Maryland was founded by

members of the Calvert family

What was a major problem for Virginia tobacco growers?

finding enough workers to grow their crop

Who were the Separatists who came to America by way of the Netherlands?

Pilgrams

Why were many poor people sent to live in Georgia?

Instead of going to debtors' prison, they could start a new life.

Why did the king approve the plan for the Georgia colony?

Georgia would stand between Spanish Florida and the rest of the British colonies to the north.

What was the difference between indentured servants and enslaved people?

Indentured servants earned their freedom after a time. Enslaved people were rarely freed.

Which colonists usually had a voice in their own government?

all free, white, landowning men

Why did England support the efforts to create colonies?

To compete for land and wealth with other nations

What is the definition of mercantilism

an economic policy in which nations tried to gain wealth by controlling trade and establishing colonies

When were the 13 colonies established by?

1733

What colonies did the New England region include?

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire.

What was the primary economic source for New Englanders?

Small farms, lumbering, fishing, shipbuilding, and trade.

What colonies did the Middle Colony region include?

New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.

What did the Southern Colony region include?

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

What was the Southern colonies land good for?

The soil and the hot and wet climate were ideal for growing tobacco, rice, and other cash crops.

What is a theocracy?

A government based upon the religious principles and whose leaders rule in the name of God.

Who were the founders of the New England Colony?

Pilgrims led by William Bradford in 1620 and Puritans led by John Winthrop (1630)

What was the Mayflower Compact?

An agreement that Pilgrims wrote describing how they would govern themselves in the Americas.

Who were the settlers in Massachusetts?

Puritans escaping religious persecution by the king of England

What was the climate of the Massachusetts colony?

Harsh winters, and warm summers

What was the Geography of the Massachusetts colony?

Sandy coasts with good ports, rich pastures and forests

What was the primary economy for the Massachusetts colony?

Crop and livestock farming, lumbering, shipping, and shops

What was the primary religion in the Massachusetts colony?

Puritan

What was the Massachusetts colony’s government?

Self-governing with strong religious influence

Who was the founder of the Rhode Island colony?

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson

Who were the settlers in the Rhode Island colony?

People seeking religious freedom.