Animal Structural Features and Skeletal System Review

Flashcards covering animal structural features, body systems, types of skeletons, functions of the skeletal system, and exact anatomical skeletal terminology.

Approximately how many known species of animals exist on Earth?

There are approximately $2\text{ million}$ known species of animals on Earth.

What three criteria must an organism meet to be classified as an animal?

1. Have a body made of many cells; 2. Have nerves and muscles which enable it to respond to the world; 3. Get its energy by taking in food.

What are the three types of skeletons and their characteristics or examples?

1. Exoskeleton: found on the outside of the body, protecting soft inner parts (e.g. crab); 2. Hydrostatic: formed by tubes filled with fluid that keep the body rigid (e.g. starfish); 3. Endoskeleton: inside the body, providing a framework for muscles and organs and protecting internal organs from damage.

What is the main function of the circulatory system?

It acts as the body's transportation system where the heart pumps blood, carrying oxygen and nutrients, through blood vessels to all parts of the body.

How does the muscle system support an animal's survival functions?

Muscles help an animal move, keep its heart beating, blood pumping, and lungs breathing.

How does an animal's nervous system process environmental information?

The senses determine the environment or a situation and send electrical messages to tell the animal how to respond in a matter of milliseconds.

What is the function of the digestive system?

It takes on nutrients the body needs by way of food and then removes the waste in the form of faeces.

How is the immune system described and what is its role?

It is like millions of teeny soldiers going into battle to defend the body against invaders (like germs) that cause disease.

What gas is needed by animals to survive, and what waste product does the respiratory system remove?

Animals need oxygen to survive, and the waste product carbon dioxide is removed from the body.

What are the five main functions of the skeletal system?

1. Support (keeps body upright and prevents collapsing); 2. Protection (shields soft organs); 3. Movement (allows movement by working with muscles); 4. Factory (forms red blood cells); 5. Storage (stores and releases calcium).

How many bones are in the human skeletal system?

There are $206$ bones in the body.

Which specific part of the skeletal system acts as a factory for forming red blood cells?

The bone's red marrow.

Which soft organs are specifically shielded by the skeletal system?

The brain, heart, and lungs.

What are the common names for the Cranium and Mandible?

Cranium is the skull, and Mandible is the jaw.

What are the common names for the Clavicle, Scapula, and Sternum?

Clavicle is the collarbone, Scapula is the shoudler blade, and Sternum is the breastbone.

What is the upper arm bone called?

Humerus.

What term is used in the skeletal notes for the backbone?

Vertebrate.

What are the two bones that make up the forearm?

Radius and Ulna.

What are the anatomical terms for wrist bones, hand bones, and fingers?

Carpals (wrist bones), Metacarpals (hand bones), and Phalanages (fingers).

What are the anatomical terms for the pelvis and tailbone?

Pelvic Girdle (pelvis) and Cocyx (tailbone).

What are the anatomical names for the thigh bone, kneecap, shin bone, and calf bone?

Thigh bone is the Femur, kneecap is the Patella, shin bone is the Tibia, and calf bone is the Fibula.

What are the anatomical terms for ankle bones, foot bones, and toe bones?

Tarsals (ankle bones), Metatarsals (foot bones), and Phalanges (toe bones).