Unit 4 Bonding; Oxidation Numbers; Naming Chemicals

Covalent Bond

bonds in which electrons are shared resulting in a molecule

Polar covalent

electrons are shared unequally creating dipoles

Non-polar covalent

electrons between atoms are shared equally

Ionic bond

electrons are transferred

What are the seven diatoms?

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen Chlorine.

molecule

the smallest unit of a covalently bonded element

Formula Unit

smallest unit of an ionic compound.

Subscripts

the number of atoms that element in a molecuel

Coefficients

number in front of a compound giving the total number of molecules or formula units of that compound

what are some of the characteristics that ionic bonds display?

the are arranged systematically in crystals of + and - chargers
difference in electronegativity value is great
electrons are completely lost or gained

Cations

electrons lost in metals

Anions

electrons are gained in non-metals

what type of bond is exothermic?

the formation of Ionic bonds

Is C-H polar or non- polar

non-polar

Oxidation numbers

the real or apparent charge an atom or ion had when all bonds are assumed to be ionic

what does a charged ion indicate?

whether electrons where gained (-) or lost (+)

what are the rules of oxidation numbers?

1. any atom in its free state is (0)
2. any simple ion is the charge on that ion
3. oxygen is usually (-2) in peroxide its (-1)
4.hydrogen is usually +1
5. fluorine is always (-1)
6. a poly-atomic ion is equal to the sum of the individual oxidation numbers
7. a neutral molecule, the sum of the charges is equal to 0. True for all compounds

how to name binary compounds.

1. name the metal first, using the full element name
2. look up the oxidation number for the metal
a. figure out the charge it needs
b. if it only has one oxidation number do not use ()
3. name the non-metal second

Binary compounds composed of two non-metals

1. least electronegative element is named first, using full element name
a. no prefix unless there is more than one atom
b. mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa...
2. most electonegative element is named second and it always has a prefix.
dop the ending and add "ide"