Hellenistic art and archaeology

Primary Context

Find in original undisturbed place of use

Secondary Context

Find in different place, disturbed from original context

Lagynos

Small pitcher with dark paintings on light background

Hadra Ware

Crete-made funerary urns with alternating light and dark fields

Canosa Ware

Italic Painted Ware with multiple colors and human/animal figures

Applique

Mold-made pottery decoration for 3D perspective

Old Drunken Woman

Hellenistic sculpture of an elderly drunk woman

Laocoön and his Sons

Sculpture depicting Laocoön and his sons dying

Venus de Milo

Famous statue of a nude Aphrodite with S-shape

Barberini Faun

Sculpture depicting a drunken satyr with human features

Nike of Samothrace

Statue of winged goddess Nike missing head and arms

Tanagra Figurines

Colorful figurines of men and women in ordinary fashion

Grotesques

Human figures depicting exaggerated, misshapen forms

Alexander Sarcophagus

Sarcophagus depicting Alexander the Great defeating Persians

Lesser Attalid Dedication Group

Statuary group depicting conquered enemies of Attalos

Emporion

Greek trading colony on the coast of Spain

Apoikia

Greek colonies established in 8th-6th centuries BCE

Magna Graecia

Greek-speaking coastal areas of Southern Italy

Syracuse

Greek settlement in Sicily, prominent city

Temples: Zeus, Apollo, Athena

Main buildings in Syracuse

Massive Theater

Large theater in Syracuse

Stoa

Building in Syracuse

Taormina

City on mount taurus created by the Sicels

Agrigento

Greek colony in southern Sicily with many Doric temples

Morgantina

Settlement influenced by Greek colonists in Eastern Sicily

Attalus I Soter

Ruler of Pergamon, first to call himself king

Main features of the city of Pergamon

Temple to Athena, Library, Temple to Zeus, Agora, Theatre, Temple to Dionysus

Altar of Pergamon

Altar with ionic columns and freeze-high relief showing a battle

Bamiyan Buddhas

Buddhist statues with Greek and Indian influences

Dülük

Local storm god in Commagene adopted by the Roman military

Nimrud Dagh

Hierthesion similar to other mounds in the Hellenistic World

Nemrud

Mountaintop tomb/sanctuary with statuary of Greek faces and Armenian clothes

Mitra

Syncretic deity associated with oaths and sun god

Karakuş Tumulus Hierothesion

Tumulus built by King Mithridates II with Doric columns

Faience

Early glassmaking with vibrant colors

Opus Regulatum

Mosaic style with regulated geometric shapes

Opus Tessellatum

Mosaic style with tesserae and flowing decoration

Opus Vermiculatum

Mosaic style with flowing shapes and multiple colors

Pebble mosaic sites

Copies of wall mosaics with coloring and shading

Andron

Room exclusively for men to recline and hold symposia

Tesserae

Individual tile used for creating mosaics

The Pergamon School

School known for dramatic reinterpretations of sculpture work

Tesserae Mosaic sites

Mosaics made from limestone, slate, terracotta, and tile

Lost Wax method

Bronze production method using wax mold

Qualities of Hellenistic sculpture

Movement, realism, secularism, unorthodox subjects

Ceramic typologies

Importance and process of categorizing ceramics

External influences on Hellenistic ceramics

Factors affecting changes in ceramics during Hellenistic period

Development of coinage

Evolution of currency from origins to Hellenistic period

Iconography of Alexander's coins and successors

Depiction of Alexander and his successors on coins

Lost Wax method for producing Bronzes

Process of creating bronze sculptures using wax mold

Main qualities of Hellenistic sculpture

Movement, realism, unorthodox subjects

Figurines and deities/cult complexes

Miniature figurines as offerings to gods

Development of portraiture

Evolution of portraiture from Classical to Hellenistic periods

Depiction in Lesser Attalid Group

Conquered enemies of Attalos depicted beneath Greeks

Greek and Phoenician colonization

Differences in colonization and influence on Hellenistic period

Main features of Altar of Pergamon

Wide columns, gigantomachia battle scene

Bamiyan Buddhas as cultural amalgamation

Buddhas with influences from multiple cultures

Artistic program at Nimrud Dagh

Syncretism of Greek and Persian gods

Ancient glass production

Origins and methods of ancient glassmaking

Origin of glass blowing

Invention of glass blowing in 1st century BCE

Development of mosaics

Evolution of mosaic making from early examples to Hellenistic period

Artistic aesthetic of Hellenistic mosaics

Realism, three-dimensional effects, vibrant colors