Lower Extremity Clinical Anatomy I Flashcards

Practice flashcards covering bony landmarks, joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, and lymphatic structures of the lower extremity based on clinical anatomy lecture notes.

Innominate (L. with no name)

The bone of the pelvis consisting of the ilium (L. flank), pubis (pubic bone), and ischium (Gr. ischion, hip joint, haunch).

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

A short, sharp bony process on the iliac crest where the inguinal ligament, sartorius, and tensor fasciae latae muscles attach.

Greater sciatic notch (L. sciaticus, the hip joint)

A feature of the ilium that transmits the piriformis muscle, superior and inferior gluteal arteries, and the sciatic, pudendal, and superior and inferior gluteal nerves.

Iliac tuberosity

Part of the sacropelvic surface of the ilium that serves as an attachment for the dorsal sacroiliac, interosseous sacroiliac, and iliolumbar ligaments, and the quadratus lumborum muscle.

Pecten pubis (pectineal line) (L. comb)

A line on the superior pubic ramus where the conjoint tendon, and lacunar and pectineal ligaments attach.

Ischial tuberosity

A landmark on the ischium that serves as an attachment for the sacrotuberous ligament, adductor magnus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, long head of biceps femoris, and quadratus femoris.

Linea aspera (L. rough line)

A rough line on the femoral shaft serving as an attachment for the adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, short head of biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and intermuscular septum.

Patella (L. small plate)

The sesamoid bone of the knee with an apex for the patellar ligament and a base for the quadriceps femoris ligament.

Tibiofemoral joint

The synovial joint of the knee classified as bi-condylar.

Talocrural joint

The synovial joint of the ankle classified as ginglymus or hinge.

Iliofemoral ligament

A ligament attaching from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the intertrochanteric line of the femur that limits extension of the thigh at the hip joint.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A ligament extending from the medial part of the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral condyle of the femur that prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee.

Menisci (Gr. meniskos, crescent)

Crescent-shaped structures in the knee; the medial meniscus attaches to the tibial collateral ligament, while the lateral meniscus attaches to the intercondylar area of the tibia.

Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring lig.)

A ligament from the sustentaculum tali to the navicular that supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot.

Iliopsoas (L1-4)

A muscle combination of the iliacus and psoas major that flexes and stabilizes the hip joint.

Sartorius (L. sartor, a tailor)

A muscle from the ASIS to the proximal tibia that flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the hip, and flexes and medially rotates the knee.

Popliteus

A muscle from the lateral femoral condyle to the soleal line of the tibia that unlocks the knee from extension into early flexion.

Iliotitial tract

A fascia lata structure extending from the tensor fasciae latae and gluteus maximus muscles to the proximal lateral tibia.

Saphenous nerve

A branch of the femoral nerve (L2-4) that provides sensory innervation to the skin overlying the medial aspect of the leg.

Thoracic duct

A lymphatic duct that drains the nodes of the right and left lower extremities, pelvis, abdomen, left thorax, left upper extremity, and left head and neck.

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Nodes that drain superficial structures inferior to the umbilicus, excluding the anus and glans of the clitoris or penis.