Vocab: The electromagnetic spectrum

C

C (light speed) = λ (wavelength) x f (frequency)

f

f (frequency) = 1 / T (period) —> 1초에 몇 cycle?

E

E (energy of photon) = h (Planck’s constant) x f (frequency)

EM spectrum in lowest to highest frequency

radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, y-ray

Three rules that govern how electrons fill orbitals in the ground state

Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund’s principle

Aufbau principle

electrons fill the lowest-energy sublevels first

Pauli exclusion principle

a maximum of 2 electrons per orbital, with opposite spins

Hund’s rule

orbitals of a sublevel are filled singly with parallel spins before pairing

How is the block of an element related to its electron configuration?

The block corresponds the sub-level that receives the highest energy electrons.