geography eq case study

Nepal EQ date

25 April 2015

Nepal EQ Magnitude

7.8

Nepal EQ Causes

Causes

• Nepal lies on a collision plate boundary.

• The Indian Plate is moving north and colliding with the Eurasian Plate.

• Pressure built up along a thrust fault in the Himalayas and was suddenly released

Nepal EQ Primary Effects

Primary Effects

• Around 9,000 people killed.

• Nearly 16,800 injured.

• More than 600,000 buildings damaged or destroyed.

• Historic buildings in Kathmandu collapsed, including the Dharahara Towerand UNESCO World Heritage Sites were severely affected.

Nepal EQ Secondary Effects

Secondary Effects

• Avalanche on Mount Everest killed at least 19 people at Base Camp.

• Landslides blocked roads and isolated villages.

• Around 2.8 million people displaced and left homeless.

Nepal EQ Immediate Responses

Immediate Responses

• State of emergency declared.

• Nepalese Army deployed for search and rescue.

• International aid arrived from countries including India and China.

• Temporary shelters, food, water and medical supplies provided.

• Helicopters used to reach remote mountain communities.

Nepal EQ Long Term Responses

Long-Term Responses

• Roads, schools and homes rebuilt.

• Stricter building regulations introduced.

• International funding raised for reconstruction.

• Tourism industry gradually restored.

Kaikōura Earthquake Date

📅 Date: 14 November 2016

Kaikoura EQ Magnitude

7.8

Kaikoura EQ Causes

Causes

• New Zealand lies on the boundary between the Pacific Plate and Australian Plate.

• Complex movement caused rupture across at least 21 faults.

• One of the most complex earthquakes ever recorded

Kaikoura EQ Primary Effects

Primary Effects

• 2 deaths.

• Significant damage to homes, roads and railways.

• Buildings damaged in Kaikōura and Wellington.

Kaikoura EQ Secondary Effects

Secondary Effects

• More than 10,000 landslides triggered.

• Roads and railway lines cut off.

• Kaikōura became isolated.

• Ground uplift reached up to 8 metres in places.

• Tsunami warnings issued.

Kaikoura EQ Immediate Responses

Immediate Responses

• Search and rescue teams deployed.

• People evacuated from isolated areas by helicopter and sea.

• Emergency shelters opened.

• Tsunami warnings issued and coastal evacuations carried out.

Kaikoura EQ Long Term Responses

Long-Term Responses

• State Highway 1 and railway rebuilt.

• Landslides cleared and slopes stabilised.

• Infrastructure strengthened to improve future resilience.

• Extensive government funding for recovery.