genesis: creation
“in the beginning…”
god created the world in 7 days
“let there be light”
“on the seventh day he rested”
genesis: the first people
adam - formed from the dirt
“ashes to ashes, dust to dust”
eve (his wife) - formed from one of adam’s ribs
adam named everything
“be fruitful and multiply”
genesis: the garden of eden
paradise
trees
tree of life
tree of knowledge of good and evil
forbidden fruit
genesis: “the fall of man”
original sin
serpent (satan) tempted eve to eat of the forbidden fruit
eve shared it with adam
god expelled them from the garden
“the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life”
genesis: babel
represents human ambition and the origin of various languages
genesis: exodus
led israelites out of egypt to the promise land
rescue of the baby (moses)
archetype of a hero’s life
the burning bush
the plagues of egypt
parted red sea, staff, snake
the ten commandments
manna
david and bathsheba
bathsheba married to uriah the hittite (one of david’s men)
david sends uriah to the frontline of a battlefield, where he is killed
david married the widowed bathsheba
david and bathsheba’s first child died - god’s punishment for david’s adultery
david atones for sins and has solomon
representative of adultery
solomon/jedidiah
reigned in israel in peace
built the first temple for god
representative of wisdom
cain killing abel
“brother’s keeper” (cain)
banishment of cain
archetype for sibling rivalry, brother v. brother conflict
the great flood
noah
the ark
the animals (2 by 2)
40 days and 40 nights
the rainbow
god’s promise to never destroy the world by flood again
abraham
asked by god to sacrifice his son isaac, but god stopped him at the last moment
representative of man’s willingness to make sacrifice, demonstrates faith
israelites
god’s chosen people
egypt/pharaoh
representative of the world’s system
mountains
representative of spiritual high points, pursuit of god
ascending representative of spirituality
descending representative of carnality
joshua
battle of jericho
israelites marched around the walls 7 times and the walls fell
golden calf
moses went up mount sinai after receiving the 10 commandments
israelites requested aaron, moses’s brother, to create a golden calf in moses’s absence as a god
aaron creates it out of the israelites’ gold jewelry
moses returns to see the idolization of the golden calf and is infuriated
grinds up the golden calf and puts it in water for the people to drink
representative of idolatry
joseph
favorite son of jacob and rachel / sarah
coat of many colors
dreamer & interpreter of dreams
sold into slavery by jealous brothers
after interpreting a dream of the pharaoh, he becomes powerful
the lion lies down with the lamb
representative of harmony and universal peace
daniel
thrown into a lion’s den and survives
david & goliath
shepherd kills a giant with a slingshot
job
extreme piety
satan tests whether job’s piety is rooted in his riches and prosperous life
undergoes extreme suffering and loss of possessions, children, and health, but will not renounce god
god restores fortunes and prosperity to job
samson & delilah
delilah was a philistine who was bribed to entrap samson
learns that his strength was his long hair, she cut it off
representative of betrayal, treachery
sodom & gomorrah
two notoriously sinful cities
abraham pleads with god to not let righteous people living there die, especially his nephew lot
god agrees to spare the cities only if 10 righteous inhabitants can be found
2 angels go to the city to see lot and are met with a wicked mob
lot offers his daughters to them which enrages the mob further who are then struck blind by the angels
lot and his family are the only righteous inhabitants and are told to leave the city and never look back
destroyed by “sulfur and fire” due to their (sexual) wickedness
lot’s wife
told to not look back following her and her family’s evacuation out of sodom
looked back at the decaying city and turned into a pillar of salt
representative of punishment for disobedience
ahab
7th king of israel who is regarded as the most wicked king
husband of jezebel
first king to have allied with heathenism through marriage
jezebel
wife of ahab
pagan princess of a man from tyre, ethbaal
representative of revenge, maliciousness, and immorality
angels/cherubs/seraphims
3 main angels
michael - disciplinarian over all angels
gabriel - messenger angel
lucifer - fallen angel
other names - satan, the serpent, the devil, beelzebub, the enemy, “the father of lies,” cloven foot, hell, hades, lake of fire
biblical numbers
3 - completeness
the holy trinity
6 - man
man was created on the 6th day
7 - perfection/completion
the 7 days of creation
12 - unity
the 12 disciples
heaven
representative of eternity
the “pearly gates”
absalom
favorite son of david
sheltered his sister, tamar, for 2 years following her sexual assault by their half-brother, amnon
angered and aggravated by david’s lack of action pursued toward amnon, avenged her by killing amnon
fled and hid in his grandfather’s home for 3 years, was allowed by david to return to jerusalem
began to undermine his father’s reign and would speak and act harshly on him to other people, plotted a rebellion to become king
david discovers this rebellion and flees jerusalem with his army, orders them to not harm absalom
absalom gets killed at the hands of david’s army
hair gets caught in tree branches
joab, one of david’s generals, took 3 javelins and thrust them into absalom’s heart
10 of his men proceeded to circle absalom and killed him
david grieves
representative of paternal grief
lazarus
jesus’s friend who was declared to die by god
dies and jesus weeps
revived by jesus
representative of one who lives after a declared death
jesus
savior, messiah, christ, son of god, son of man
cross/tree (often paralleled to the “tree” in the garden)
12 disciples
communion (bread & wine)
baptism
christmas
manger/stable (place of birth)
3 wise men/magi/kings
the star
joseph & mary
passion
suffering/death of jesus
the last supper
jesus knew and said he would be betrayed by one of his disciples
easter
crucifixion (nailed to a cross)
judas’s kiss
betrayal for 30 silver pieces
tomb
resurrection/new life
reference to “blood”
“judgement day”
“second coming”
book of revelations (prophetic signs)
armageddon
babylon
apocalypse
4 horsemen
1 - conquest
white rider
2 - war
red rider
3 - famine
black rider
4 - death
pale rider
bible
gospel, “good news,” the word, the scriptures, “book of life”
gospels
matthew
mark
luke
john
prophecy
daniel
revelation
parables
prodigal son
lost coin
lost sheep
vine and branches
john the baptist
dance of the 7 veils
john’s beheading
7 deadly sins
pride
envy
gluttony
lust
wrath/anger
avarice/greed
sloth
7 sacraments
a rite believed to be a means of or visible form of grace
representative of baptism, penance/reconciliation, the eucharist (communion), confirmation, matrimony, holy orders, extreme unction (anointing the sick)
aphrodite/venus
goddess of love, beauty, pleasure, procreation
companion of eros
dove, apple, scallop shell, mirror
apollo
god of prophecy, oracles, music, song/poetry, archery, healing, plague/disease, protection of the young
wreath and branch of laurel, bow and quiver of arrows, raven, lyre
dionysus/bacchus
god of wine, vegetation, pleasure, festivity, madness, wild frenzy
thyrsos (pine-cone tipped staff), drinking cup, crown of ivy
eros/cupid
god of love
companion of aphrodite
bow and arrow, hare, sash, flower
hephaestus/vulcan
god of fire, smiths, craftsmen, metalworking, stonemasonry, sculpture
hammer, tongs, riding a donkey
hermes/mercury
god of herds, flocks, travellers, hospitality, roads, trade, thievery, cunning, heralds, diplomacy, language, writing, athletic contests, gymnasiums, astronomy, astrology
herald and personal messenger of zeus
winged boots, herald’s wand
poseidon/neptune
god of the sea, earthquakes, drought, horses
trident
zeus/jupiter
god of the sky, weather, law and order, destiny and fate, kingship
king of the gods
lightning bolt, eagle, sceptre
narcissus
celebrated for beauty but spurned everyone through arrogance
two main admirers, echo and ameinias
echo - nymph cursed by hera to repeat only the last words of what was said before. rejected by narcissus and spiraled into despair with an echoing voice
ameinias - called on goddess nemesis to avenge him as he killed himself at his beloved’s (narcissus) door. prayers were answered by her as she helped ameinias to miserably curse narcissus: he will never have the object that he desires, and that object will be himself. ultimately falls in love with his own image in a pool and ending is conveyed in different ways:
narcissus is transformed into a narcissus flower
he was filled with remorse and killed himself beside the pool, the flower was born from his blood
adonis
representative of one’s being gorgeous and extremely good-looking
pandora
first mortal woman to be constructed of clay
prometheus was ordered to create the human race, but grew displeased with the mean circumstances imposed on them, so he stole fire from the heavens
zeus discovers this and has hephaestus and the other gods to create a beautiful and cunning mortal woman (pandora), acting as a punishment to mankind. he then has pandora sent to prometheus’s younger brother’s (epimetheus) home as a bride
pandora is given a storage jar as a wedding gift. she opens it, releasing the evil spirits within
ends in plaguing of mankind
hercules
ordered to carry out 12 labors in 12 years as penance for the murder of his wife and children while in the service of king eurystheus, his cousin
in the end was welcomed to spend eternity in mount olympus
medusa
one of the 3 sisters known as the gorgons
medusa, sthenno, euryale
only mortal of the 3 sisters
snake-hair, wings, tusks
cassandra
mortal who was granted the ability to see into the future
rejects apollo’s advances to seduce her, so he curses her so that her predictions are left ignored
penelope
queen of ithaca and wife of odysseus
emphasizes faithfulness and loyalty as she waited for odysseus’s return for 20 years
achilles
one of the greatest heroes who participated in the trojan war
dipped in the river styx by the feet as an infant, making him immortal everywhere except for his heels
shot in the heels & killed by paris, the brother of hector (one of troy’s most celebrated heroes - he and achilles dueled in which achilles killed him in an attempt to avenge his best friend, patroclus)
representative of one character’s vulnerable part/characteristic
river styx
river in the underworld that separated the 2 realms of the living and the dead
antigone
daughter of oedipus
representative of the choice between justice & law, strength, loyalty
prometheus
titan god of forethought and crafty counsel
representative of a hero’s suffering
icarus & daedalus
icarus was the son of daedalus
daedalus plotted ways to escape the labyrinth (a maze he built and where his king, minos, imprisoned him) with icarus
daedalus created wings for him and icarus using branches of osier, connected them with wax
taught icarus to fly, but instructed him to not fly too close to the sun or else the wax would melt
the two managed to escape the labyrinth, but icarus’s childish curiosity led to his death in which he flew up to the sun then down to the sea repeatedly. he ends up falling in the icarian sea and drowns
representative of the danger involved in being too daring and reckless
phoenix
red-gold feathered bird that emitted pure sunlight
immortal as every time it dies, a new one is hatched
representative of death and rebirth, eternal life
horatio alger
representative of a rags-to-riches story
albatross
from rime of the ancient mariner
representative of the psychological burden that feels like a curse
faust
representative of a pact with the devil, selling one’s soul without thinking of the consequences
willy loman
representative of success equalling popularity and money
ahab
captain - protagonist of moby dick
representative of extreme obsession
moby dick
great white whale who ahab was obsessed with
representative of contradiction and uncontrollable events in life
big brother
representative of always being watched
pollyanna
representative of one’s being overly optimistic
don juan
representative of being a player, suave
william shakespeare
common examples:
“to be or not to be”
“all the world’s a stage”
“cry ‘havoc’ and let slip the dogs of war”
“o, brave new world”