NUR 1119 Unit I: Growth and Development Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards generated from NUR 1119 Unit I lecture notes, covering theories of growth and development, age-specific stages, older adult assessment tools, and cognitive disorders.

Growth

Measurable physical change that represents advancement and deterioration.

Development

An increase in complexity of function and skills, encompassing biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes and the ability to adapt.

Cephalocaudal Direction

Pattern of growth and development directed by gene activity that progresses from head to tail.

Proximodistal Direction

Pattern of growth and development that progresses from the trunk to the extremities.

Oral Stage

Freud's psychosexual stage from birth to 18 months focusing on the mouth, sucking, feeding, and comfort.

Anal Stage

Freud's psychosexual stage from 18 months to 3 years focusing on toilet training, control, and independence.

Phallic Stage

Freud's psychosexual stage from 3 to 6 years focusing on the genitals and developing identity.

Latency Stage

Freud's psychosexual stage from 6 to 12 years where sexual urges are less prominent and focus shifts to learning, friendships, and social development.

Genital Stage

Freud's psychosexual stage from puberty to adulthood focusing on mature sexuality and relationships.

Trust vs. Mistrust

Erikson's first psychosocial stage (birth to 18 months) focused on establishing trust to foster faith and optimism.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Erikson's second psychosocial stage (18 months to 3 years) where children develop autonomy by making choices, while harsh limits lead to shame and doubt.

Initiative vs. Guilt

Erikson's third psychosocial stage (3 to 6 years) characterized by pretend play, role testing, play therapy, and an emerging superego or conscience.

Industry vs. Inferiority

Erikson's fourth psychosocial stage (6 to 12 years) where children learn socially productive skills, work with peers, and thrive on accomplishment.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Erikson's fifth psychosocial stage during puberty/adolescence, focusing on personal identity, appearance, and body image.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Erikson's sixth psychosocial stage in young adulthood focused on deepening the capacity to love and care for others.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Erikson's seventh psychosocial stage in middle age focused on supporting future generations and expanding personal and social involvement.

Integrity vs. Despair

Erikson's eighth psychosocial stage in old age where an individual looks back over their lifespan to determine if it was meaningful or filled with regrets.

Sensorimotor Period

Piaget's first cognitive development stage, spanning from birth to 2 years.

Preoperational Period

Piaget's second cognitive development stage, spanning from 2 to 7 years.

Concrete Operations Period

Piaget's third cognitive development stage, spanning from 7 to 11 years.

Formal Operations Period

Piaget's fourth cognitive development stage, spanning from 11 years to adulthood.

Neonatal Period

The first 28 days of life.

Infancy

The developmental stage from 1 month old to 1 year old.

Toddler Period

The developmental stage from 12 to 36 months characterized by parallel play, separation anxiety, and a developing sense of autonomy.

Preschooler Period

The developmental stage from 3 to 5 years old where play shifts from parallel to associative play.

Puberty

The stage during adolescence (13 to 20 years old) in which reproduction becomes possible.

Emerging Adulthood

The developmental age range from 18 to 25 years old.

Sandwich Generation

Middle adults (ages 35 to 64) involved in caring for aging parents while supporting future generations.

SPICES Assessment Tool

An acronym for overall assessment of older adults: Sleep disorders, Problems with eating/feeding, Incontinence, Confusion, Evidence of falls, Skin breakdown.

Delirium

An acute confusional state.

Dementia

A generalized impairment of intellectual functioning.

Depression

A mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness and despair.

Relocation Stress Syndrome

The stress and difficulty experienced by patients and families during transitions into long-term care facilities.

Hospice

Family-centered care for terminal illness that focuses on palliative care, comfort, and dignity rather than curative care.

TRAP

Acronym for the clinical manifestations of Parkinson's Disease: Tremor, Rigidity, Akinesia, and Postural instability.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia without acute infarction of the brain.

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Also known as stroke or brain attack; caused by ischemia or hemorrhage resulting in brain cell death.

Donepezil (Aricept)

An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in Alzheimer's disease to lessen cognitive symptoms and slow disease progression.