Rizal Midterms

Rizal’s Secret Mission

• to observe keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries and commerce, and government and laws of the European nations in order to prepare himself in the mighty task of liberating his oppressed people from Spanish tyranny

• disclosed by Paciano in his letter to his younger brother dated Manila, May 20, 1892

Jose Mercado

Rizal used this name; a cousin from Biñan

May 3, 1882

Rizal departed on board the Spanish streamer Salvadora bound for Singapore

Donato Lecha

• the ship captain from Asturias, Spain befriended Rizal

• Rizal described him as an affable man, “much more refined than his other countrymen and colleagues that I have met.”

May 8, 1882

• while the steamer was approaching Singapore, Rizal saw a beautiful island, fascinated by its scenic beauty, he remembered “Talim Island with the Susong Dalaga”

May 9, 1882

the Salvadora docked at Singapore

Hotel de la Paz

Rizal registered here and spent two days on a sightseeing soiree of the city, which was a colony of England

Djemnah

a French steamer

May 11, 1882

In Singapore, Rizal transferred to another ship Djemnah, a French steamer, which left Singapore for Europe on

May 17, 1882-

Djemnah reached Point Galle, a seacoast town in southern Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)

Colombo

• capital of Ceylon

• Rizal was enamoured by —— because of its scenic beauty and elegant buildings 

• “—— is more beautiful, smart and elegant than Singapore, Point Galle and Manila”

barren coast of Africa

“inhospitable land but famous”

Aden

city hotter than Manila

City of Suez

the Red Sea terminal of the Suez Canal

Suez Canal

canal which built by Ferdinand de Lesseps (French diplomat-engineer) which was inaugurated on November 17, 1869

Port Said

the Mediterranean terminal of the Suez Canal

June 11, 1882

• Rizal reached Naples

• Rizal was pleased on this Italian city because of its business activity, its lively people, and its panoramic beauty

Night of June 12, 1882

the steamer docked at the French harbor of Marseilles

Chateau d’If

Dantes, hero of the Count of Monte Cristo, was imprisoned

Marseilles

Rizal stayed two and a half days in

Afternoon of May 15, 1882

Rizal left Marseilles by train for the last lap of his trip to Spain

June 16, 1882

Rizal finally reached his destination—Barcelona

Las Ramblas

the most famous street in Barcelona

Amor Patrio (Love of Country)

• nationalistic essay, Rizal’s first article written on Spain’s soil -under his pen-name Laong Laan, appeared in print in Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882

• it was published in two texts—Spanish and Tagalog—the Spanish text was the one originally written by Rizal in Barcelona, the tagalog text was a Tagalog translation made by M.H. del Pilar

Rizal’s Pen-name

Laong Laan

Basilio Teodoro Moran

a friend of Rizal in Manila and the publisher of Diariong Tagalog where Rizal sent this article

Diariong Tagalog

the first Manila bilingual newspaper (Spanish and Tagalog)

Los Viajes (Travels)

Rizal’s second article for Diariong Tagalog

Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid)

Rizal’s third article written in Madrid on November 29, 1882 but returned to him because the Diariong Tagalog had ceased publication for lack of funds

September 15, 1882

Rizal received sad news about the cholera that was ravaging Manila and the provinces according to Paciano’s letter, dated ——

In The Fall of 1882

Rizal left Barcelona and established himself in Madrid, the capital of Spain

November 3, 1882

Rizal enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid (Central University of Madrid) in two courses—Medicine and Philosophy and Letters

Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando

Rizal studied painting and sculpture

Antigua Café de Levante

during the summer twilights, this is where Rizal sipped coffee and fraternized with the students from Cuba, Mexico, Argentina, etc

On Saturday evenings

Rizal visited the home of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey who lived with his son (Rafael) and daughter (Consuelo)

Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-Philippine Circle)

a society of Spaniards and Filipinos which Rizal joined shortly after his arrival in Madrid in 1882

Me Piden Versos (They Ask Me For Verses)

• upon the request of the members of this society, Rizal’s wrote this poem which he personally declaimed during the New Year’s Eve reception of the Madrid Filipinos held in the evening of December 31, 1882 

• in this sad poem, Rizal poured out the cry of his agonizing heart

Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Eugene Sue’s The Wandering Jew

these two books aroused Rizal’s sympathy for the oppressed and unfortunate people

June 17 to August 20, 1883

Rizal sojourn in Paris

Hotel de Paris

located on 37 Rue de Maubange wherein Rizal billeted but later, he moved to a cheaper hotel on 124 Rue de Rennes in the Latin Quarter

Laennec Hospital

where Rizal observed Dr. Nicaise treating his patients

Lariboisiere Hospital

where Rizal observed the examination of different diseases of women

March 1883

Rizal joined the Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid

Lodge Solidaridad (Madrid)

Rizal transferred where he became a Master Mason on November 15, 1890

February 15, 1892

Rizal was awarded the diploma as Master Mason by Le Grand Orient de France in Paris

Le Grand Orient de France

Rizal was awarded the diploma as Master Mason by ——- in Paris

Science, Virtue and Labor

Rizal’s only Masonic writing; a lecture which he delivered in 1889 at Lodge Solidaridad, Madrid

June 24, 1884

a touching incident in Rizal’s life in Madrid wherein he was broke and was unable to take breakfast

Evening of June 25, 1884

a banquet was sponsored by the Filipino community to celebrate the double victory of the Filipino artist in the National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid—Luna’s Spoliarium winning the first prize and Hidalgo’s Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace (Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho), second prize

November 20, 21, and 22, 1884

• the serene city of Madrid exploded in bloody riots by the students of the Central University

• These student demonstrations were caused by the address of Dr. Miguel Morayta, professor of history, at the opening ceremonies of the academic year on November 20, in which he proclaimed “the freedom of science and the teacher” 

• The Rector, who also took the side of the students, was forced to resign and was replaced by Doctor Creus, “a very unpopular man, disliked by everybody”

June 21, 1884

Rizal completed his medical course in Spain; he was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid

June 19, 1885

on his 24th birthday, Rizal was awarded the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid with the rating of “Excellent”: (Sobresaliente)

Ophthalmology

Rizal chose this branch of medicine because he wanted to cure his mother’s eye ailment