BIO Final CH. 3

Identify the prokaryotic organism.

a. Fungus

b. Plant

c. Animal

d. Bacteria.

d. Bacteria.

Were there any eukaryotic cells on Earth 1.5 billion years ago?

a. No, they do not appear in the fossil record until around 1 billion million years ago.

b. No, they do not appear in the fossil record until around 500 million years ago.

c. Yes, they first appear in the fossil record around 2 billion years ago.

d. Yes, they first appear in the fossil record around 3.5 billion years ago.

c. Yes, they first appear in the fossil record around 2 billion years ago.

Which cellular structure is unique to prokaryotic organisms?

a. Plasmids

b. Ribosome

c. Plasma membrane

d. Cell wall

a. Plasmids

Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Scientists do not have any evidence on whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells evolved first.

b. Eukaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years) than prokaryotic cells.

c. Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells evolved at the same time.

d. Prokaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years) than eukaryotic cells.

d. Prokaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years) than eukaryotic cells.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding archaea cells?

a. Archaea cells are often found in extreme environments.

b. Bacteria and archaea cells are both in the same domain in the classification of life.

c. Archaea cells contain organelles just like eukaryotic cells do.

d. Archaea cells are found everywhere on Earth, just like bacteria cells.

a. Archaea cells are often found in extreme environments.

If you were looking at a cell under a powerful microscope, what would tell you that it is a eukaryotic cell?

a. It has ribosomes.

b. It is moving.

c. It has DNA.

d. It has a nucleus.

d. It has a nucleus.

If a cell had a damaged central vacuole, it would have difficulty performing what function?

a. Converting light energy into food molecules

b. Storing water

c. Assembling lipids

d. Converting food energy into cellular energy

b. Storing water

Which cellular structure is unique to plant cells?

a. Ribosome

b. Mitochondria

c. Plasma membrane

d. Chloroplasts

d. Chloroplasts

Which cellular structure is unique to animal cells?

a. Ribosomes

b. Nucleus

c. Lysosome

d. Mitochondria

c. Lysosome

Select the cellular structure that can be found in both plant and animal cells.

a. Chloroplast

b. Mitochondria

c. Cell wall

d. Vacuole

b. Mitochondria

How many layers of phospholipids make up the plasma membrane?

a. 3

b. 2

c. 4

d. 1

b. 2

Which structure selectively regulates the transport of substances into and out of a plant cell?

a. The chloroplast

b. The cell wall

c. The nucleus

d. The plasma membrane

d. The plasma membrane

Which of the following cells contain a plasma membrane?

a. Bacterial cells only

b. Animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells

c. Animal cells only

d. Animal cells and plant cells only

b. Animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells

Which of the following is an accurate description of the plasma membrane?

a. Two layers of proteins with a few phospholipids embedded within

b. One layer of phospholipids with a number of proteins embedded within

c. Two layers of phospholipids with a number of proteins embedded within

d. One layer of proteins with a few phospholipids embedded within

c. Two layers of phospholipids with a number of proteins embedded within

What is a phospholipid?

a. A special kind of lipid with 2 water-fearing heads and 1 water-loving tail

b. A special kind of lipid with a water-fearing head and 2 water-loving tails

c. A special kind of lipid with a water-loving head and 2 water-fearing tails

d. A special kind of lipid with 2 water-loving heads and 1 water-fearing tail

c. A special kind of lipid with a water-loving head and 2 water-fearing tails

What is the main role of membrane proteins?

a. Hold the phospholipid bilayer together

b. Regulate the passage of materials in and out of the cell

c. Block materials from entering the cell

d. There are no membrane proteins in the plasma membrane

b. Regulate the passage of materials in and out of the cell

The passive transport of water is specifically called ________.

a. Osmosis.

b. simple diffusion.

c. hydrosmosis.

d. facilitated diffusion.

a. Osmosis.

Which form of transport requires the expenditure of energy?

a. Active transport.

b. Passive transport

c. Facilitated diffusion

d. Osmosis

a. Active transport.

Substances are often packaged into small ________ for transport, either through the membrane or throughout the interior of the cell.

a. Vesicles

b. vacuoles

c. organelles

d. corpuscles

a. Vesicles

Which of the following is not a form of passive transport?

a. Facilitated diffusion

b. Osmosis

c. Diffusion

d. All of the above are forms of passive transport

d. All of the above are forms of passive transport

Which statement best describes active transport?

a. A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this releases energy.

b. A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this requires energy.

c. A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this requires energy.

d. A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this releases energy.

c. A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this requires energy.

What might happen to your red blood cells if you were suddenly unable to regulate the solute concentration of your blood and it began to rise?

a. Your blood cells would shrivel because water would move out of the cells via osmosis.

b. Your blood cells would enlarge and could rupture because water would move into the cells via osmosis.

c. Your blood cells would stay the same size.

d. We don't have enough information to answer this question.

a. Your blood cells would shrivel because water would move out of the cells via osmosis.

hat is the definition of endocytosis?

a. It is the transport of large molecules out of the cell.

b. It is the transport of large molecules into the cell.

c. It is the digestion of larger molecules that were brought into the cell.

d. The entire plasma membrane turns itself inside out.

b. It is the transport of large molecules into the cell.

Which would most likely pass unaided through a plasma membrane?

a. Something small and nonpolar, such as nitrogen gas

b. Something large, such as a glucose molecule

c. Something small and charged, such as an ion

d. Something small and polar, such as a water molecule

a. Something small and nonpolar, such as nitrogen gas

Which of the following is not located in the nucleus?

a. Endoplasmic reticulum

b. Nucleolus

c. DNA

d. Chromosomes

a. Endoplasmic reticulum

What passes through the nuclear pores?

a. DNA and RNA

b. DNA

c. RNA

d. None of these

c. RNA

What is the role of the histone proteins of the chromatin?

a. They help assemble ribosomes.

b. They contain the instructions to build a protein.

c. They maintain the nuclear membrane.

d. They act as a spool around which the DNA is wrapped.

d. They act as a spool around which the DNA is wrapped.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding chromosomes?

a. Chromosomes are strands of RNA, loosely wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.

b. Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.

c. Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located in the nucleus.

d. Chromosomes are strands of RNA, tightly wrapped up, that are in the cytoplasm.

c. Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located in the nucleus.

When would chromatin be the most tightly coiled?

a. During cellular respiration

b. During cell division

c. During protein synthesis

d. During photosynthesis

b. During cell division

Which of the following statements is correct regarding DNA and RNA?

a. DNA remains in the nucleus at all times; RNA is produced in the nucleus but then leaves the nucleus.

b. DNA and RNA both stay in the nucleus after being produced.

c. RNA remains in the nucleus at all times; DNA is produced in the nucleus but then leaves the nucleus.

d. DNA and RNA both leave the nucleus after being produced.

a. DNA remains in the nucleus at all times; RNA is produced in the nucleus but then leaves the nucleus.

What is the main function of the nucleus?

a. To hold all of the DNA

b. To produce proteins

c. To produce energy

d. To hold all of the RNA

a. To hold all of the DNA

Which organelle functions to break down and recycle large molecules?

a. Golgi apparatus

b. Chloroplast

c. Ribosome

d. Lysosome

d. Lysosome

Final protein refinements, storage, and packaging occurs ________.

a. in the cytoplasm.

b. in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

c. in the Golgi apparatus.

d. in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

c. in the Golgi apparatus.

How is DNA linked to the production of proteins?

a. DNA is not linked to the production of proteins.

b. Proteins hold the instructions on how to make DNA.

c. DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.

d. DNA is the end point of protein production that allows cells to finish making proteins.

c. DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.

Which of the following statements is true?

a. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

b. Transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm.

c. Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and translation occurs in the nucleus.

d. Transcription and translation both occur in the nucleus.

a. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Which of the following statements is typically false?

a. RNA to protein is called translation.

b. DNA to RNA is called transcription.

c. DNA is double stranded, whereas RNA is single stranded.

d. DNA contains the same nucleotides as RNA.

d. DNA contains the same nucleotides as RNA.

Ribosomes are directly associated with which process?

a. Translocation

b. Transcription

c. Replication

d. Translation

d. Translation

What information is used by the ribosome to assemble the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide?

a. Base sequence of mRNA

b. Base sequence of DNA

c. Base sequence of tRNA

d. Base sequence of the chromosome

a. Base sequence of mRNA

What is the role of the ribosome in protein production?

a. It reads the DNA to make an RNA molecule.

b. It is where proteins are made.

c. It folds the protein into the correct shape.

d. It has no direct role in protein production

b. It is where proteins are made.

Where a ribosomes located?

a. On the rough endoplasmic reticulum only

b. On the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm

c. On the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm

d. In the cytoplasm only

c. On the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm

Which is the correct pathway of a protein through a cell as it is being made?

a. Nucleus, ribosome, Golgi apparatus

b. Nucleus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

c. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle, Golgi apparatus

d. Golgi apparatus, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum

c. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle, Golgi apparatus

What harvests energy from food molecules to make ATP?

a. Nucleus

b. Chloroplasts

c. Mitochondria

d. Lysosome

c. Mitochondria

What is ATP?

a. A carbohydrate

b. An information storage molecule

c. An energy molecule

d. A protein

c. An energy molecule

Which reaction represents cellular respiration?

a. CO2 + H2O + ATP → Sugar + O2

b. Sugar + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP

c. O2 + CO2 → Sugar + H2O + ATP

d. H2O + ATP → CO2 + Sugar

b. Sugar + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP

Chloroplasts and mitochondria share something with the nucleus that the other organelles do not. What is this shared characteristic?

a. They are the only organelles that produce ATP.

b. They are the only organelles not found in bacteria.

c. They are the only organelles wrapped in a lipid-based membrane.

d. They are the only organelles that contain DNA.

d. They are the only organelles that contain DNA.

Which reaction represents cellular respiration?

a. Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP → Sugar + Oxygen

b. Sugar + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide+ Water + ATP

c. Oxygen + Carbon dioxide → Sugar + Water + ATP

d. Water + ATP → Carbon dioxide + Sugar

b. Sugar + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide+ Water + ATP

Do only plants have vacuoles?

a. Yes, only plants cells have vacuoles.

b. No, other organisms, such as certain types of fungi and protists, have vacuoles that serve the same function as in plant cells.

c. No, other organisms, such as certain types of fungi and protists, have vacuoles that serve different functions.

c. No, other organisms, such as certain types of fungi and protists, have vacuoles that serve different functions.

The cytoskeleton has several primary functions. The first and most obvious is it acts as an interior skeleton that supports the rest of the cell. What is another function of the cytoskeleton?

a. It creates a durable outer covering to increase the strength and rigidity of the cell.

b. It provides a communication network where chemo-electrical signals can be sent from one area of the cell to another.

c. It provides a series of tracks along which vesicles can move throughout the cell.

d. It connects one cell to another.

c. It provides a series of tracks along which vesicles can move throughout the cell.

The long extension of a cell that can propel a cell forward by whipping back and forth (such as human sperm) is called a ________.

a. flagellum

b. cilium

c. vesicle

d. pilus

a. flagellum