Chapter 9: Alkynes - An Introduction to Organic Synthesis

Flashcards covering key concepts and definitions related to alkynes in organic synthesis.

Alkynes

Hydrocarbons that contain carbon–carbon triple bonds.

Acetylene

The simplest alkyne.

Vicinal dihalides

Dihalides in which the two halogen atoms are on adjacent carbon atoms.

C–C triple bond

Formed from sp hybrid orbitals of carbon forming a σ bond and unhybridized orbitals forming π bonds.

Markovnikov’s rule

A rule stating that the addition of HX to an alkene occurs such that the hydrogen atom attaches to the carbon with the most hydrogen atoms.

Keto-enol tautomerism

A process where enols rearrange to form ketones by the transfer of a proton.

Acetylide anion

An anion formed when a strong base deprotonates a terminal alkyne.

Alkylation of acetylide anions

A reaction where acetylide anions react with alkyl halides to form new alkynes.

Reduction of alkynes

The process of converting alkynes into alkenes or alkanes, often using hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.

Oxidative cleavage of alkynes

A reaction where strong oxidizing agents cleave internal alkynes to produce carboxylic acids.