Respiratory System Test

From Quizlet.

Inflammation

Body's response causing pain, redness, heat, swelling.

Bronchitis

Obstructive lung disorder causing airway inflammation.

Chronic Bronchitis

Long

Asthma

Condition causing airway narrowing and inflammation.

Asthma Attack

Occurs after exercise or exposure to allergens.

Emphysema

Lung disease from irritants causing alveoli damage.

Airway Muscles

Muscles that contract, affecting airflow in lungs.

Cilia

Tiny hair

Pneumonia

Infection causing inflammation and fluid in alveoli.

Cystic Fibrosis

Genetic disorder causing thick, sticky lung secretions.

Symptoms of Bronchitis

Coughing, shortness of breath, chest tightness.

Symptoms of Asthma

Coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath.

Symptoms of Emphysema

Frequent coughing, wheezing, difficulty exhaling.

Symptoms of Pneumonia

Chest pain, fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath.

Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis

Persistent cough, thick mucus, exercise intolerance.

Treatment for Bronchitis

Quitting smoking, medications to reduce inflammation.

Treatment for Asthma

Inhalers to relax bronchiole muscles, reduce inflammation.

Treatment for Emphysema

Stop smoking, pulmonary rehab, bronchodilators.

Treatment for Pneumonia

Antibiotics or antiviral medications for infection.

Treatment for Cystic Fibrosis

Control infections, remove mucus, adequate nutrition.

Gas Exchange

Process of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in lungs.

Ventilation

Movement of air or water over respiratory surfaces.

Gas Exchange

Oxygen delivery to blood

CO2 removal from blood.

Cellular Respiration

Using oxygen to release energy from glucose.

Respiratory Surface

Site where gas exchange occurs in organisms.

Thin Membrane

Essential for efficient gas exchange in respiration.

Large Surface Area

Facilitates rapid gas exchange in respiratory surfaces.

Moist Membrane

Dissolves gases for effective exchange in respiration.

Highly Vascularized

Rich in capillaries to enhance gas exchange.

Outer Skin

Gas exchange occurs through skin in some organisms.

Gills

Folds increasing surface area for aquatic gas exchange.

Countercurrent Flow

Opposite flow of water and blood for efficient gas exchange.

Tracheal System

Internal tubes for direct gas exchange in insects.

Spiracles

Valved openings regulating airflow in tracheal systems.

Lungs

Internal sacs for gas exchange in land animals.

Parabronchi

Air tubes in birds allowing unidirectional airflow.

Zero Waste System

Birds maintain constant oxygen supply during breathing.

Cilia

Tiny hairs trapping particles in respiratory tract.

Goblet Cells

Produce mucus to trap foreign particles in air.

Epiglottis

Flap preventing food from entering the trachea.

Alveoli

Air sacs where gas exchange occurs in lungs.

Surfactant

Fluid reducing surface tension in alveoli.

Concentration Gradient

Difference driving gas movement in respiration.

Phospholipid membranes

Five membranes for oxygen to reach hemoglobin.

Hemoglobin

Protein in red blood cells transporting oxygen.

Heme unit

Iron

Myoglobin

Muscle protein with higher oxygen affinity than hemoglobin.

Spirometry

Test measuring lung function and air flow.

Tidal Volume

Air volume exchanged per normal breath.

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Air inhaled forcefully after normal breathing.

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Air exhaled forcefully after normal exhalation.

Residual Volume

Air remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation.

Vital Capacity

Maximum air expelled after maximum inhalation.

Total Lung Capacity

Total air volume lungs can hold.

External Respiration

Gas exchange between outside air and blood.

Internal Respiration

Gas exchange between blood and body cells.

Carbonic Anhydrase

Enzyme catalyzing carbonic acid formation from CO2.

Carbonic Acid

H2CO3 formed from CO2 and water in RBCs.

HCO3

pH drop

Lower pH caused by high H+ concentration.

Fetal Hemoglobin

Higher oxygen affinity than adult hemoglobin.

Chemoreceptors

Sensors monitoring CO2, O2, and pH levels.

Medulla Oblongata

Brain region controlling breathing rate.

Phrenic Nerve

Nerve signaling diaphragm for breathing.

Intercostal Nerves

Nerves signaling intercostal muscles for breathing.