L1 TERMS

is the study of diseases that can cause abnormalities in the structure or function of various organ systems

Pathology

Any abnormal disturbance of the function or structure of the human body as a result of some type of injury

Disease

Refers to the patient’s perception of the disease.

Symptoms

A patient showing no evidence of diseases is considered

Asymptomatic

are adverse responses to medical treatment itself

Iatrogenic

A term to a disease if there is no causative factor can be identified

Idiopathic

Diseases that have a quick onset and last for a short period

Acute

Diseases may manifest more slowly and last for a very long time.

Chronic

Describes the expected patient outcome

Prognosis

Incidences of the development of infections at the acute care facility

Nosocomial

Infections that develop outside the healthcare facility

Community acquired

is the investigation of disease in large group

Epidemiology

refers to the number of cases found in a given population

Prevalence

refers to the number of new cases found in a given period.

Incidence

is a generalized decrease in cell size.

Atrophy

is a generalized increase in cell size

Hypertrophy

is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue as a result of excessive proliferation.

Hyperplasia

a is the conversion of one cell type into another cell type that is not normal for that tissue

Metaplasia

refers to abnormal changes of mature cells.

Dysplasia

is the initial response of body tissues to local injury.

Acute Inflammation

The earliest bodily response to local injury is?

Dilation of arerioules, capillaries and venules

produces the heat and redness associated with inflammation.

hyperemia

results in the swelling associated with inflammation, which produces pressure on sensitive nerve endings and causes pain.

Exudate

a low-protein fluid such as that seen in the pulmonary edema that develops in congestive heart failure.

transudate

These white blood cells cross the capillary walls into the injured tissues, where they engulf and enzymatically digest infecting organisms and cellular debris, a process called

phagocytosis.

tissue refers to a combination of young developing capillaries and actively proliferating fibroblasts, which produce connective tissue fibers (collagen) that replace the dead tissue.

Granulation

The five clinical signs of acute inflammation are

Rubor(redness) , Calor(hear), Tumor(swelling), Dolor(pain), Loss of function

is the accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces or body cavities

Edema

in filariasis, a parasitic worm causes lymphatic obstruction, and the resulting localized edema is termed

elephantiasis

results from an inflammatory reaction.

Localized Edema

occurs with pronounced swelling of subcutaneous tissues throughout the body (anasarca).

Generalized Edema

Occurs most frequently in patients with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and certain forms of renal disease.

Generalized Edema

refers to an interference with the blood supply to an organ or part of an organ

Ischemia

is a localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by occlusion of either its arterial supply or its venous drainage

Infarct

The two most common clinical forms of infarction are

Myocardial and pulmonary

In cases in which ischemia continues to progress, resulting in an infarction, necrosis may occur as a result of lack of blood flow. This progressive situation can lead to a condition called

Gangrene

implies rupture of a blood vessel.

Hemorrhage

Hemorrhage may be external, or the blood may be trapped within body tissues, resulting in an accumulation termed a

Hematoma

Minimal hemorrhages into the skin, mucous membranes, or serosal surface

Petechiae

Slightly larger hemorrhages

Purpura

A large (>1 to 2 cm) subcutaneous hematoma, or bruise.

Ecchymosis

from the Latin word for “new growth,” refers to an abnormal proliferation of cells that are no longer controlled by the factors that govern the growth of normal cells

Neoplasia