Med Term for Health Professionals - Chapter 5

active

causing action or change

activity

the state of being active

contract

draw together or shorten

fiber

a strand or filament

multidisiplinary

involving health care providers from more than one profession

muscle

a tissue consisting of cells that can contract

passive

not active

peristalisis

waves of alternate constriction and relaxation in a tube

skeletal (adj)

pertaining to the skeleton

tone

tension present in resting muscles

voluntary muscles

muscle that is under the control of the will

atrophy

the wasting away or diminished volume of tissue, an organ, or a body part

hypertrophy

increase in size, but not in number, of an individual tissue element

fascia

sheet of fibrous connective tissue

fibromyalgia

pain in the muscle fibers

sprain

a wrench or tear in a ligament

strain

overstretch of tear in a muscle or tendon

tendon

fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

tendinitis (also spelled tendonitis)

inflammation of a tendon

ambulatory

surgery or any other care provided without an overnight stay in a medical facility

insertion

the insertion of a muscle is the attachment of a muscle to a more movable part of the skeleton, as distinct from the origin

insert (verb)

to attach a muscle to a more movable part of the skeleton, as distinct from the origin

origin

fixed source of a muscle at its attachment to a bone

pectoral

pertaining to the chest

pectoral girdle

incomplete bony ring that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton

rotator cuff

part of the capsule of the shoulder joint

biceps brachii

a muscle of the arm that has two heads or points of origin on the scapula

brachialis

muscle that lies underneath the biceps and is the strongest flexor of the forearm

brachioradialis

muscle that helps flex the forearm

cyst

an abnormal, fluid-containing sac

deltoid

large, fan-shaped muscle connecting the scapula and clavicle to the humerus

dorsum

the back of any part of the body, including the hand

dorsal (adj)

pertaining to the back of any part of the body

ventral

pertaining to the belly or situated nearer to the surface of the belly

ganglion

fluid-containing swelling attached to the synovial sheath of a tendon

latissimus dorsi

the widest (broadest) muscle in the back

stenosis

narrowing of a passage

thenar eminence

the fleshy mass at the base of the thumb

hypothenar eminence

the fleshy mass at the base of the little finger

triceps brachii

muscle of the arm that has three heads or points of origine

abduction

action of moving away form the midline

abduct (verb)

to move away from the midline

adductor

muscle that moves the thigh toward the midline

adduction

action of moving toward the midline

calcaneus

the heel bone

calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon)

the tendon of the heel formed from gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and inserted into the calcaneus

grastrocnemius

major muscle in the back of the lower leg (the calf)

gluteus

refers to one of three muscles in the buttocks

gluteal (adj)

pertaining to the buttocks

maximus

the gluteus maximus muscle is the largest muscle in the body, covering a large part of each buttock

medius

the gluteus medius muscle is partly covered by the gluteus maximus

minimus

the gluteus minimus is the smallest of the gluteal muscles and lies under the gluteus medius

popliteal fossa

the hollow a the back of the knee

quadriceps femoris

an anterior thigh muscle with four heads (origins)

assistive device

tool, software, or hardware to assist in performing daily acitivities

occupational therapy

use of work and recreational activities to increase independent function

orthotic

orthopedic appliance to correct an abnormality

orthotist

specialist who makes and fits orthopedics appliances

physiatry

physical medicine

physiatrist

specialist in physical medicine

physical medicine

diagnosis and treatment by means of remedial agents, such as exercises, manipulation, heat, etc.

physical therapy

use of remedial processes to overcome a physical defect

physiotherapy

another term for physical therapy

rehabilitation

therapeutic restoration of an ability to function as before

therapy

systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder

therapeutic (adj)

relating to the treatment of a disease or disorder

therapist

professional trained in the practice of a particular therapy

amputation

removal of a limb or other projecting body part

contracture

muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis

prevention

process o prevent occurrence of a disease or health problem

prosthesis

an artificial part to remedy to defect in the body

restorative rehabilitation

therapy that promotes renewal of health and strength

antibody

protein produced in response to an antigen

biopsy

removal of a tissue from a living person for laboratory examination

electromyography

recording of electrical activity in muscle

enzyme

protein that induces change in other substances

inflammation

a basic complex of reactions in blood vessels and adjacent tissues in response to injury or abnormal stimulation

ultrasonography

delineation of deep structures using sound waves

antimetabolite

a substance that replaces or inhibits a specific part of a cell's normal metabolism

corticosteroid

a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex

immunosuppressive

substance that causes failure of the immune system

anabolic steroid

prescription drug used by some athletes to increase muscle mass

analgesia

state in which pain is reduced

analgesic

agent that produces analgesia

antimetabolite

a substance that replaces or inhibits a specific part of a cell's normal metabolism

antipyretic

agent that reduces fever

contracture

muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

a condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb muscles

immunosuppressive

substance that causes failure of the immune system

ingredient

an element in a mixture

metabolism

the constantly changing physical and chemical processes in the cell

metabolite

any product of metabolism

myopathy

any disease of the muscle

myositis

inflammation of the muscle tissue

rhabdomyolysis

destruction of muscle to produce myoglobin

statin

a class of drug used to lower blood cholesterol levels

tenosynovitis

inflammation of a tendon and its surrounding synovial sheath

thymectomy

surgical removal of the thymus gland