APES Project 3 Key Terms

What is the role of carbon sinks/reservoirs in the carbon cycle?

Carbon sinks/reservoirs store carbon that can be released into the atmosphere through processes like respiration and combustion.

What process captures carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and converts it into organic matter?

Photosynthesis.

What is respiration in the context of the carbon cycle?

The process by which organisms convert organic matter back into carbon dioxide, releasing it into the atmosphere.

What process releases carbon back into the atmosphere through the burning of organic materials?

Combustion.

What is decomposition in the carbon cycle?

The breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, returning carbon to the atmosphere or soil.

What are the primary nitrogen sinks/reservoirs in the nitrogen cycle?

Soil, atmosphere, and biomass.

What is nitrogen fixation?

The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3) by bacteria or through abiotic processes.

What process involves the uptake of nitrogen by plants after it has been converted into forms they can use?

Assimilation.

What is ammonification in the nitrogen cycle?

The conversion of organic nitrogen back into ammonia.

What is the significance of the phosphorus cycle?

Phosphorus is a vital nutrient for plants and animals, cycling through the earth's systems mainly through weathering and biological processes.

What is eutrophication?

The process by which water bodies become overly enriched with nutrients, leading to excessive growth of algae and depletion of oxygen.

What major process drives the hydrologic cycle?

Evaporation and precipitation.

What is soil compaction and its effect on soil properties?

The process of soil particles being pressed together, leading to reduced porosity and decreased water retention.

What is the main characteristic of loam soil?

Loam is a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, allowing for good drainage and nutrient retention.

What is the purpose of contour plowing in sustainable agriculture?

To reduce soil erosion by plowing along the contour lines of the land.

What are Endocrine disruptors?

Chemicals that can interfere with endocrine (hormonal) systems, leading to various health problems.

What is the impact of pesticides on pest populations?

Pesticides can lead to pesticide resistance and contribute to a pesticide treadmill, where increasing amounts are needed for effective control.

What is the role of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

IPM combines different management strategies and practices to reduce pest damage while minimizing risks to human health and the environment.

What is the definition of LD50 in toxicology?

LD50 is the dose of a substance that kills 50% of a test population, commonly used as a measure of acute toxicity.

What is the purpose of sewage treatment?

To remove contaminants from wastewater to protect public health and the environment before the treated water is released back into nature.