Discuss the historical approach to explaining offending behaviour. Include reference to the atavistic form (16 marks)

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10 Terms

1
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AO1- Lombroso

  • Lombroso proposed criminals are biologically different (‘atavistic’); crime is innate.

2
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AO1- evolutionary throwbacks

  • Criminals seen as evolutionary throwbacks with primitive features.

3
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AO1- studied skulls of living and dead

  • Studied skulls of 4000 living and 400 dead criminals.

4
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AO1- identified features

  • Identified features: sloping brow, strong jaw, high cheekbones, facial asymmetry.

5
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AO1-specific criminal features

  • Linked features to specific crimes (e.g., murderers had curly hair, long ears).

6
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AO1- innate traits

  • Claimed criminals were not fully responsible due to their innate traits.

7
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AO3- major contribution

  1. 👍 Major contribution – First scientific attempt to explain crime; influenced criminology.

8
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AO3- scientific racism

  1. 👎 Scientific racism – Atavistic traits included ethnic features; socially biased.

9
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AO3- lack of control groups

  1. 👎 Lack of control groups – No comparison with non-criminals; undermines validity.

10
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AO3- deterministic

  1. 👎 Deterministic – Ignores environmental factors; assumes biology alone causes crime.