Histopathology Lab - Lesson 1: Instrumentation and Laboratory Safety

Histology

study of normal tissues

Histopathology

study of abnormal tissues

Autopsy
Biopsy
Cell Block
Cytology
Pap's Smear

Enumerate the tests commonly offered in the histopathology section (Alphabetical, seperated by Enter)

Histotechnolologist
Histotechnician
Gross Examiner
Pathologist

Enumerate the Personnel in Histopathology Section (Alphabetical, seperated by Enter)

Histopathologic techniques

Involves the different procedures that have been adopted for the preparation of materials and tissues for microscopic investigation, whetherthey are normal or abnormal

Histopathologic techniques

Includes examination of smears, preservation and processing of tissue sections prior to actual evaluation of tissue details

Standard operating procedures (SOP)

Includes detailed procedures for handling hazardous substances and personal hygiene practices.

Hazards

First step in ensuring safety in the laboratory?

Biohazards
Irritants
Corrosive chemicals
Sensitizers
Carcinogens
Toxic materials

Enumerate Health Hazards (Alphabetical, seperate by Enter, if otherwise, check yourself if got it right)

Combustible
Flammables
Explosive chemicals
Oxidizers

Enumerate Physical Hazards (Alphabetical, seperate by Enter, if otherwise, check yourself if got it right)

Chemical name
Date purchased or made
Expiration date
Hazard warnings and safety procedures
Manufacturers name and address/Reagent creator

Enumerate the information that is needed to be labelled on every chemical (Alphabetical, seperate by Enter, if otherwise, check yourself if got it right)

True

(True or False [Might not work in Multiple Choice]) Dangerous reagents are stored in plastic or plastic-coated glass bottles.

False

(True or False [Might not work in Multiple Choice]) Dangerous liquids are stored above countertop height.

True

(True or False [Might not work in Multiple Choice]) Flammable liquids should never be stored in a refrigerator or freezer (unless it is certified and suitable for explosive atmosphere)

False

(True or False [Might not work in Multiple Choice]) Always store any leftover flammable liquid in conventional cabinets.

True

(True or False [Might not work in Multiple Choice]) Chemical/Material Spills limited to a few grams or millimeters should be wiped off with towel or sponge, protecting hands with suitable gloves

False

(True or False [Might not work in Multiple Choice]) Thoroughly wash the towel or sponge used in cleaning a chemical/material spill, and store it into its appropriate storage.

True

(True or False [Might not work in Multiple Choice]) Materials used in cleaning chemical spills should not be thrown in the general trash.

True

(True or False [Might not work in Multiple Choice]) Protect the room from the vapor of a chemical spill by sealing it within a permeable plastic bag or container.

Ingesion
Eye Contact
Skin Contact

Enumerate the most common accidents within the laboratory. (Alphabetical, seperate by Enter, if otherwise, check yourself if got it right)

True

(True or False [Might not work in Multiple Choice]) Laboratory Eyewash stations/Emergency showers should be less than about 100 feet from hazardous work area.

15-35

Laboratory Eyewash stations/Emergency showers should have a water temperature range of _ degree Celsius. (No spaces)

False

(True or False [Might not work in Multiple Choice]) If possible, personal portable eyewash bottles should be brought if available for laboratory accidents.

15-30

How many minutes does the affected eye should be rinsed after a chemical/material spill accident? (No spaces)

15-30

How many minutes should chemically spilled hands be washed ? (No spaces)

True

(True or False [Might not work in Multiple Choice]) Use soap with water wash if hazardous substance is not water-soluble in chemical spills in skin.

False

(True or False [Might not work in Multiple Choice]) Contaminated clothing should not be immediately removed after chemical spills as it risks spreading the spill more.

General Waste

The bin where kitchen waste, paper and tissues, water bottles, and cans could be disposed of.

Infected Plastics

The bin where syringes, gloves, and plastic waste could be disposed of.

Infected Waste

The bin where soiled, anatomical, chemical liquid, cytotoxic, laboratory waste, expired and discarded medicines could be disposed of.

Glassware

The bin where antibiotic vials, metallic implants, glassware material except cytotoxic could be disposed of.

Sharps

The bin where needles and cut glasses could be disposed of.

Microscope

An instrument that enlarges the images and allows the visualization of morphologic cellular details that are too small to be seen by the unaided eyes.

Pathologist

The laboratory personnel that views the slide to identify a disease process or abnormality that will directly affect the patient's treatment.

Histotechnologist

The laboratory personnel that views a slide microscopically for quality control.

Histotechnologist

The laboratory personnel that determines all technical processes are functioning properly within the laboratory.

Histotechnologist

The laboratory personnel that checks if a slide of diagnostic quality has been achieved.

Arm

Part of the microscope that supports the tube and connects it to the base.

Aperture

Part of the microscope where it is the hole in the middle of the stage where light passes from the illuminator to reach the specimen.

Base

Part of the microscope where it is the bottom of the microscope, used for support.

Body tube

Part of the microscope where it connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses.

Coarse Adjustment Knob

Part of the microscope where it is the large, round knob on the side of the microscope used for focusing the specimen.

Condenser

Part of the microscope where it is used to collect and focus the light from the illuminator on the specimen, located under the stage often in conjunction with an iris diaphragm.

Diopter adjustment

Part of the microscope where it is useful as a means to change focus on one eyepiece so as to correct for any difference in vision between your two eyes.

Draw tube

Part of the microscope where it is the cylindrical structure on top of body tube and holds the eyepiece.

Eyepiece

Part of the microscope that is where you look to see the image of your specimen.

Fine Adjustment Knob

Part of the microscope where it is the small, round knob on the side of the microscope used to fine-tune the focus of your specimen.

Iris Diaphragm

Part of the microscope where it controls the light going through the aperture.

Mirror

Part of the microscope where it is used to reflect light to the specimen.

Illuminator/Light Source

Part of the microscope where it is the source of light.

Rheostat

Part of the microscope where it is the current regulator, altering the current applied to the lamp to control the intensity of the light.

Revolving Nosepiece

Part of the microscope where it holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated to easily change power.

Objective lenses

Part of the microscope where they are used to increase the magnification of the specimen.

Stage

Part of the microscope where it is the flat platform where you place your slides.

Stage clips

Part of the microscope where it holds the slide in place.

Stage Height Adjustment/Stage Control

Part of the microscope where it moves the stage left and right direction.

Magnification

Process that increases the size of the structure under examination. Achieved by microscope lens system

10x

The magnification power of Eyepiece.

LPO/Low Power Objective

The objective len which has a magnification power of 10x.

HPO/High Power Objective

The objective len which has a magnification power of 40x.

OIO/Oil Immersion Objective

The objective len which has a magnification power of 100x.

SCANNER

The objective len which has a magnification power of 4x.

Microtome

It is an instrument with the help of which sections of tissues are cut.

Microtomy

The process of cutting thin sections

50-100

The thickness of sections produced during microtomy may be between fractions of _ nm.

5-10

The common range of slices made in ultramicrotomy is between ____ nm but both the maximum and minimum thickness is limited by the consistency of relation of the thickness of sections to the nature of tissues.

Ultramicrotomy

The process of cutting thin sections within several 100 microns.

Rotary Microtome

Type of Microtome which is most ideal for routine and research work it is excellent for cutting serial sections.

Rotary Microtome

Type of Microtome which the rotary action of the handwheel is responsible for the cutting moment

Rotary Microtome

Type of Microtome which the block holder is mounted on a steel carriage, which makes up and down in groves.

Rotary Microtome

Identify this type of Microtome

Sliding or Base Sledge Microtome

Type of Microtome which is a large heavy instrument with a fixed knife beneath which the object moves mounted on a heavy sliding base containing the feed mechanism used primarily for cutting the sections of cellulose nitrate embedded tissues with an obliquely set knife.

Cambridge Rocking Microtome

Type of Microtome which is a large heavy instrument with a fixed knife beneath which the object moves mounted on a heavy sliding base.

Cambridge Rocking Microtome

Type of Microtome which contains feed mechanism.

Cambridge Rocking Microtome

Type of Microtome which is used primarily for cutting the sections of cellulose nitrate embedded tissues with an obliquely set knife.

Cambridge Rocking Microtome

Type of Microtome which is named because the arm has to move in a rocking motion while cutting the sections.

Sir Horace Darwin

Inventor of the
Cambridge Rocking Microtome in 1881.

Cambridge Rocking Microtome

Type of Microtome which is a simple machine in which the knife is held by means of microtome thread.

Cambridge Rocking Microtome

Type of Microtome which was designed primarily for cutting paraffin wax sections but in an emergency use frozen section by inserting a wooden block in which the tissue is frozen.

Freezing Microtome

Type of Microtome which are used with its advantages:
• It is used for sections required for Rapid diagnosis
• It cuts non-dehydrated fresh tissue in a frozen state.
• The method is useful for Rapid histopathological diagnosis during operation
• This type of microtome is also used when lipids, enzymes, and neurological structures are to be demonstrated.

Rotary Microtome

Most commonly used type of microtome which is easy to operate and ideal for routine use for diagnosis and research purposes.