CompTIA A+ 220-1101 Core 1 Study Flashcards

made by brendan_decker14 on quizlet

MDM (mobile device management)

\- Manage company & user devices \n - Centralized management system \n - Ensures device security \n (1.4)

Local Area Network (LAN)

A network that covers a relatively small area such as a building or group of buildings \n (1.1 & 2.7)

Personal Area Network (PAN)

\- Provides communication for devices owned by a single user that work over a short distance \n - Bluetooth, IR, NFC, etc. \n (1.1 & 2.7)

IPS (In Plane Switching)

Better Colors - Better Viewing Angles - More Expensive \n (1.2)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

Lightweight & Inexpensive - Poor black levels due to Separate Backlight \n (1.2)

TN (twisted nematic)

Fast response Times - Low cost - Low Power Use - Limited Viewing Angles \n (1.2)

OLED (organic light-emitting diode)

Thinner & Brighter - No Need for Backlight \n (1.2)

MAM (mobile application management)

\- Set policies & restrictions on apps \n - Control Company software (Update, Remove, Etc.) \n (1.4)

PRL (Preferred Roaming List)

\- Allows phone to connect to the right tower \n (1.4)

Port 20/21

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) \n - 20(TCP) for Data Transfers \n - 21(TCP) to Control Data Transfers \n (2.1)

Port 22

SSH (Secure Shell) - TCP \n - Encrypted Communication \n - Looks/Acts the same as Telnet \n (2.1)

Port 23

Telnet (Telecommunications Network) - TCP \n - Non-encrypted Communication \n - Log into devices remotely \n (2.1)

Port 25

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - TCP \n - Used to send mail from device to mail server \n (2.1)

Port 53

DNS (Domain Name System) - UDP \n - Converts names to IP addresses \n - CRITICAL Resource \n (2.1)

Port 67/68

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - UDP \n - Automated configuration of IP addresses \n - IPs can be reserved for certain devices \n - IP Range: 10.1.10.10 through 10.1.10.199 \n (2.1)

Port 80

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) - TCP \n - Non-encrypted communication in the browser \n (2.1)

Port 110

POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) - TCP \n - Receive emails from an email server \n - Basic mail transfer functionality \n (2.1)

Port 143

IMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol) - TCP \n - Includes management of email inboxes from multiple clients. (Sync email across multiple devices) \n (2.1)

Port 161/162

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - UDP \n - Port 161 queries devices for performance statistics. \n - Port 162 monitors when metrics exceed a certain threshold. \n (2.1)

Port 389

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) - TCP \n - Store & retrieve info in a network directory. \n - Commonly used in Microsoft Active Directory. \n (2.1)

Port 443

HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure) - TCP \n - Encrypted Communication in the Browser \n (2.1)

Port 445

Server Message Block (SMB) & Common Internet File System (CIFS) - TCP \n - Provides direct connection & communication over TCP without the NetBIOS Transport \n (2.1)

Port 3389

RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) - TCP \n - Share a desktop from a remote location \n (2.1)

Access Point

Extends wired network & converts it into a wireless network. \n (2.2)

Router

Routes traffic between IP subnets \n (2.2)

Patch Panel

\- Goes between work desks & switches \n - Work desk connections to patch panel are permanent. \n (2.2)

Firewalls

\-Filters traffic by TCP/UDP port number (OSI Layer 4 filtering) \n -Some can filter based on the application \n -Can encrypt traffic in/out of the network (protect traffic between sites) \n -Can proxy traffic (common security technique) \n -Can be used as a Layer 3 device (routers) \n (2.2)

PoE (Power over Ethernet)

Devices that send Ethernet data and power over twisted-pair cable to compliant devices (for example, cameras, phones, etc). \n (2.2)

Modem

\- Cable Version: Uses DOCSIS (Data over Cable Service Interface Specification) which is broadband. \n - DSL Version: Uses ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line) where download speed is higher than upload speed. \n (2.2)

ONT (optical network terminal)

\- Fiber \n - ISP fiber line stretches to demarc point at which your in-home copper wire takes over. \n (2.2)

NIC (Network Interface Card)

\- A device that serves as an interface between the computer and the network. Also called a network adapter or network card. \n - Ethernet Connection \n - May need drivers installed before hardware is installed (Check Manual) \n (2.2)

802\.11 Types

a (10/1999) - 5Ghz & 54 mbit/s \n b (10/1999) - 2.4 Ghz & 11 mbit/s \n g (06/2003) - 2.4 Ghz & 54 mbit/s \n n (10/2009) - 2.4/5 Ghz & 600 mbit/s \n ac (01/2014) - 5 Ghz & Almost 7 Gb/s \n ax (02/2021) - 2.4/5 Ghz & About 9.6 Gb/s \n (2.3)

DNS Server

\- Converts a website name to an IP Addresses \n - Usually managed by ISP or enterprise IT Dept. \n (2.4)

DHCP Server

\- The server leases IP addresses to network clients \n - IP Range: 10.1.10.10 through 10.1.10.199 \n (2.4)

File Server

\- Centralized Storage of documents, files, etc. \n - Standard system of file management \n - SMB (Server Message Block) \n - AFP (Apple Filing Protocol) \n (2.4)

Print Server

\- Connect a printer to the network \n - Provide printing services for all network devices \n - May be built-in to the printer \n - Uses standard printing protocols \n - SMB (Server Message Block), \n - IPP (Internet Printing Protocol), \n - LPD (Line Printer Daemon) \n (2.4)

Mail Server

\- A server that manages the storage and transfer of e-mail messages on a network. \n (2.4)

Syslog Server

\- A type of server used for collecting system messages from networked devices \n - Usually a central logging receiver \n (2.4)

Web Server

\- A server that delivers requested webpages to your computer or mobile device \n - Uses HTTPS/HTTPS & HTML/HTML5 \n - Web pages are stored on the server \n (2.4)

Authentication Server

\- A server that keeps track of who's logging on to the network and which services on the network are available to each user. \n - Redundant Server (Always Available) \n (2.4)

Spam Gateway

\- Checks for Unsolicited Emails \n - Scans incoming mail to accept or reject it. \n (2.4)

UTM Gateway (Unified Threat Management Gateway)

Services: \n - URL Filter / Content Inspection \n - Firewall - Malware Inspection \n - Spam Filter - VPN Endpoint \n - IDP / IPS \n (2.4)

Load Balancer

\- A dedicated network device that can direct requests to different servers based on a variety of factors. \n - Distributes load to multiple servers \n - Server outages have no effect \n - TCP & SSL Offload \n (2.4)

Proxy Server

\- A server that acts as an intermediary between a user and the Internet. \n - Access control, URL Filtering, Content Scanning \n (2.4)

SCADA / ICS (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition / Industrial Control System)

\- Large-scale \n - PC Manages Equipment \n - Requires extensive segmentation \n - Usually expensive software, requires elevated permission to access. \n (2.4)

IoT (Internet of Things)

\- Appliances such as fridges & microwaves \n - Air control (Smart Thermostats) \n - Access Devices (Smart doorbells and locks) \n (2.4)

IPv4

\- The dominant protocol for routing traffic on the Internet \n - 4 Numbers (X.X.X.X) \n - 32 bits or 4 bytes -> 8 bits per number \n - Max value for each number is 255 \n (2.5)

IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)

\- 8 hexadecimals (X.X.X.X.X.X.X.X) \n - 128 bits or 16 bytes -> 16 bits per number

APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)

\- Link Local addresses (no router forwarding) \n - IETF has reserved 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 \n - Only communicates on your network \n (2.5)

Static IP

\- An IP address that is manually assigned to a device and remains constant until it is manually changed. \n (2.5)

Dynamic IP

\- IP address assigned by DHCP server. \n - This method insures there are no overlapping IP addresses within a network. \n - Changes when lease expires \n (2.5)

Gateway

\- A node that handles communication between its LAN and other networks. \n (2.5)

DNS Configuration

\- 13 root server clusters (Over 1,000 actual servers) \n - 100's of Generic Top Level Domains (gTLD) \n - Over 275 Country-Code Top-Level Domains (ccTLD) \n (2.6)

Address Records

\- A records are for IPv4 addresses \n - AAAA records are for IPv6 addresses \n (2.6)

MX (Mail Exchanger)

\- Determines host name for mail server \n (2.6)

TXT (Text Records)

\- Can be used for verification purposes \n - Commonly used for email security \n - External email servers validate info from your DNS. \n (2.6)

Spam Management

\- Domain Keys Identified Mail (DKIM) \n - Digitally sign a domains outgoing mail \n - Public key is available in DKIM TXT record \n \n - Sender Policy Framework (SPF) \n - List of all servers authorized to send emails on behalf of this domain; prevents email spoofing \n - Mail server validates mail is coming from authorized host \n \n - Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, & Conformance (DMARC) \n - Extension of DKIM / SPF \n - Decides what servers do with mail that isn't accepted by SPF/DKIM \n (2.6)

Lease

\- Created by the DHCP server to allow a system requesting an IP to use that IP for a certain amount of time. \n (2.6)

Reservation

\- Created by the DHCP server to allow a system requesting an IP to use that IP for a certain amount of time. \n (2.6)

Scope

\- The predefined range of addresses that can be leased to any network device on a particular network. \n (2.6)

VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)

\- Separated logically instead of physically \n - Multiple domains under one physical switch \n (2.6)

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

\- Concentrator \n - Encryption/Decryption access device \n - Actively encrypts & decrypts your data packets \n (2.6)

Satellite Networking

\- Non-terrestrial communication \n - 50 Mbit/s down, 3 Mbit/s up \n - High latency (250 ms up/down) \n - High frequencies (2 GHz) \n (2.7)

Fiber Network

\- High Speed Communication \n - Higher install costs vs copper wire \n - Large installation in the WAN core \n - Supports high data rates \n - SONET, Wavelength Division Multiplexing \n (2.7)

Cable

\- Broadband (Transmission across many multiple frequencies) \n - Data on "cable" network \n - DOCSIS \n - High Speed (50-1000 Mbit/s) \n (2.7)

DSL

\- ADSL (Asymetrical Digital Subscriber Line) \n - 200 Mb down and 20 Mb up is common \n (2.7)

Cellular Network

\- Separates land into "cells" and each cell covers a different frequency \n - Tethering (Turn your phone into a router) \n - Mobile Hotspot \n (2.7)

WISP

\- Wireless Internet Service Provider \n - Connects rural/remote locations \n - Need an outdoor antenna to connect typically \n (2.7)

WAN (Wide Area Network)

\- Generally connects LANs across a distance \n - Many different technologies \n - Point-to-point Serial, MPLS, etc. \n (2.7)

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

\- A network covering a city \n - Bigger than LAN, usually smaller than WAN \n - Common to see government ownership \n (2.7)

SAN (Storage Area Network)

\- Looks & feels like a local storage device \n - Requires high bandwidth \n - Some people may use an isolated network solely for the SAN \n (2.7)

WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)

\- A self-contained network of two or more computers connected using a wireless connection. \n - Usually within a building \n (2.7)

Cable Crimpers

\- "Pinch" the connector onto a wire \n - Coaxial, twisted pair, fiber \n - Connect the modular connector to the Ethernet cable \n - Metal prongs are pushed through the insulation \n (2.8)

WiFi Analyzer

\- Everyone "hears" everything \n - Specializes in 802.11 analysis \n - Identify errors and interference \n - Validate antenna location and installation \n (2.8)

Tone Generator / Probe

\- Tone generator \n - Sends an analog sound through the cable it is attached to \n - Probe \n - Makes noise and/or lights up when touching the cable with the generator attached \n - Easy wire tracing \n (2.8)

Punch Down Tool

\- A pointed tool used to insert twisted-pair wire into receptors in a punch-down block \n - Organization is key \n - Maintain twists in cables \n (2.8)

Cable Testers

\- Continuity test \n - Can identify missing pins or crossed wires \n - Not usually used for frequency testing \n (2.8)

Loopback Plug

\- Useful for testing physical ports \n - Serial, Ethernet, T1, fiber \n - Data leaves the interface, loops back, and reenters \n (2.8)

Taps & Port Mirrors

\- Used to intercept network traffic \n - Physical Taps \n - Disconnect link & put tap in the middle \n - Active or Passive Tap \n - Port Mirror \n - Software based tap \n - SPAN (Switched Port ANalyzer) \n - Limited Functionality \n (2.8)

Cat 5 & Cat 5e (enhanced)

\- Cable used to connect a network infrastructure \n - 1000Base-T Ethernet Standard \n - Work up to 100 meters \n (3.1)

Cat 6 & Cat 6a (Augmented)

\- Use 10GBase-T Ethernet Standard \n - Unshielded Cat 6 works up to 55 meters \n - Shielded Cat 6 and Cat 6a work up to 100 meters \n (3.1)

Coaxial

\- Single copper wire cable surrounded in layers \n - Uses RG-6 connector \n - Commonly used in TV's and High-Speed internet over cable \n (3.1)

STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)

\- A type of cable containing twisted-wire pairs that are not only individually insulated, but also surrounded by a shielding. \n - Requires the cable to be grounded via an additional wire in the cable \n (3.1)

UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)

\- Composed of pairs of wires twisted around each other at specific intervals. \n - No additional shielding around pairs of wires \n (3.1)

Direct Burial STP

\
\- Protected from elements \n - Cable is buried in the ground \n - Often filled with gel to repel water \n - Shielding in the STP protects against interference \n (3.1)

Plenum

\- The area above the ceiling tile for the HVAC system and usually network wires to run \n - Traditional cable is Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and not safe against fires \n - Fire Rated Cable Jackets to use in a Plenum: \n - Fluorinated Ethylene Polymer (FEP) \n - Low-Smoke PVC \n (3.1)

Fiber

\- Transmission by light - No RF signals \n - Difficult to monitor & tap \n - Multimode: Short Range Communication (2km) - Uses Cheaper LED's \n - Single Mode: Long Range Comm. (100km) - Uses Expensive Lasers \n (3.1)

T568A & T568B

\- The two color codes used for wiring eight-position RJ45 modular plugs. \n - Neither is better than the other \n - Many organizations typically use T568B \n (3.1)

USB 2.0

\- HighSpeed: 480 megabits per second \n - 5 meters max length \n (3.1)

USB 3.0

\- SuperSpeed: 5 gigabits per second \n - 3 meters (No specified Length) \n (3.1)

Serial (Console Cable)

\- Used to configure telephone and networking equipment \n - Commonly used for RS-232 \n (3.1)

Thunderbolt Cable

\- High-speed serial connector \n - Thunderbolt v2 \n -20 Gbit/s aggregated channels \n -Mini DisplayPort connector \n - Thunderbolt v3 \n -40 Gbit/s aggregated throughput \n -USB-C connector \n - 3 meters w/ copper, 60 meters w/ optical \n (3.1)

HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)

\- Digital audio and video interface \n - 19-pin type a connector \n - Around a 20 meter range \n (3.1)

DisplayPort

\- Digital video connector in packetized form \n - Carries audio and video \n - Compatible with HDMI & DVI (With an adapter) \n (3.1)

DVI (Digital Visual Interface)

\- Single & Dual link video \n - Single = 3.7 GB/s &. Dual = 7.4 GB/s \n - DVI-A (Analog) \n - DVI-D (Digital) \n - DVI-I (Integrated) - Analog and Digital \n (3.1)

VGA (Video Graphics Array)

\-DB-15 connector (Also known as DE-15) \n -Blue color \n -Analog signal (No digital option) \n -Image degrades after 5 to 10 meters \n (3.1)

SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)

\- Uses serial signals to transfer data \n - SATA 3.0 (6 GB/s) \n - SATA 3.2 (16 GB/s)

SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)

\- Designed to string up to 16 devices on one cable \n - LUN (Logical Unit) are defined within each SCSI ID \n - SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) devices have no jumpers, terminators, or settings \n - SCSI pronounced "scuzzy" \n (3.1)

eSATA (External SATA)

\- A modern type of connector for attaching external hard disks \n (3.1)

IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)

\- A hard drive whose disk controller is integrated into the drive, eliminating the need for a controller cable and thus increasing speed \n - Originally called PATA (Parallel AT Attachment) \n (3.1)