social issues exam 3 last one
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51 Terms
Reasons for Youth Participation Decline
Screen time, decline in Phys. Ed., fewer pick-up games, early specialization.
Sports Pyramid Levels
Play → Game → Sport → Work
Sports Pyramid Levels play
Unstructured, informal activities with no set rules (e.g., kids playing tag).
Sports Pyramid Levels game
Organized activities with some rules but without formal regulation (e.g., backyard soccer).
Sports Pyramid Levels sport
Institutionalized competitions with official rules, governing bodies, and often amateur structure (e.g., high school basketball).
Sports Pyramid Levels work
When sports become a profession or a structured obligation (e.g., professional athletes, coaches, sports analysts).
Functional Theory
Sports bring communities together and reward a winning culture
Conflict Theory
Sports reflect capitalism; more money should go to participants
Critical Theory
Sports should challenge social injustice and oppression.
Feminist Theory
Sports exist in a male-dominated society.
Interactional Theory
Social interactions shape sports participation.
Figurational Theory
Long-term social structures influence sports development.
Example of Conflict Theory in Action
NIL deals giving athletes financial control.
Example of Critical Theory in Action
Advocating for equal pay in women’s sports.
Example of Functional Theory in Action
the Olympics bringing nations together.
Example of Feminist Theory in Action
Title IX promoting gender equity.
4 Main Sports Revenue Sources –
Gate revenue, media rights, sponsorships, merchandising.
Example of Sponsorship Revenue
Citizens Bank sponsoring the Phillies’ stadium.
Most Common Revenue Stream for Stadiums
Public taxes.
Example of NIL in Action
College athletes earning money from endorsements.
ACSM Top Fitness Trends (2022-2024)
Wearable tech, bodyweight training, high-intensity interval training (HIIT).
Positive Uses of Social Media for Professionals
Networking, brand promotion, audience engagement.
Ways to Improve Fitness Media Messages
Focus less on extremes, provide practical advice, highlight benefits.
Why Sports Are Capitalistic
Profit-driven industry where players, owners, and media compete for revenue.
Social Interaction Example in Sports
An athlete appearing on an opponent’s podcast post-loss.
What Makes a Sport a Sport?
Physical component, competition, institutionalization, standardized environment.
One Drawback of Functionalist View
Ignores inequalities in access to sports
How Social Media Impacts Fitness Trends
Promotes workouts, spreads misinformation, fosters community.
Why Fitness Businesses Use Digital Marketing
Reaches a broader audience and promotes engagement.
Public Perception of Fitness Media Messages
Can be unrealistic, extreme, or misleading.
The Role of Certified Fitness Professionals Online
Provide credible health information and correct misinformation.
Q: How does CrossFit compare to Blue Zones behaviors?
While CrossFit promotes movement and endurance, Blue Zones emphasize natural movement and sustainability over intense, structured workouts.
Q: What is the difference between HIIT (High-Intensity Interval Training) and HIFT (High-Intensity Functional Training)?
HIIT consists of short bursts of intense exercise followed by rest, while HIFT incorporates functional movements with high intensity for longer periods.
the five elements
move, fuel, recover, endure and connect
Q: How does social connection impact longevity and quality of life?
reduce stress, lower inflammation, and contribute to better mental health and longevity.
Q: What are the nine common behaviors shared by Blue Zones populations?
Move Naturally
Purpose (Ikigai/Plan de Vida)
Downshift (Manage stress)
80% Rule (Eat until 80% full)
Plant-Based Diet
Wine at 5 (Moderation)
Belong (Faith-Based Communities)
Loved Ones First
Right Tribe (Strong Social Circles)
Q: What is the difference between HIIT (High-Intensity Interval Training) and HIFT (High-Intensity Functional Training)?
HIIT consists of short bursts of intense exercise followed by rest, while HIFT incorporates functional movements with high intensity for longer periods.
Q: How do fitness videos illustrate the key behaviors of the Five Elements and Blue Zones?
They demonstrate movement, endurance, and recovery techniques that align with healthy lifestyle principles.
Q: What are the pros of nationalism in sports?
promotes unity, national pride, and cultural identity.
Q: What are the cons of nationalism in sports?
can lead to political conflicts, exclusion, and excessive competition.
Q: How are the Olympics working to improve chronic disease worldwide?
promote physical activity, inspire participation in sports, and encourage healthy lifestyles globally.
Q: What are the pros of the Olympic Games?
unite nations, boost economies, and inspire athletes.
Q: What are the cons of the Olympic Games?
are expensive, can cause political conflicts, and may displace local communities.
Q: What is Title IX?
A U.S. law that prohibits gender-based discrimination in educational programs, including sports.
Q: What is the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act)?
A law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities, including in sports.
Q: What is the difference between the Special Olympics and the Paralympics?
Special Olympics: athletes with intellectual disabilities, Paralympics: athletes with physical disabilities.
The 4 Cultural views on why women “were not interested in sports”
1) Women were too fragile, 2) Sports were unfeminine, 3) Lack of opportunity/role models, 4) Fear of harm to reproductive health;
The 3 Components of Title IX
1) Proportionality, 2) Progress, 3) Satisfied Interests;
Proportionality
The requirement that athletic participation opportunities for males and females must be substantially proportionate to their respective enrollments
Progress
Schools must show a history and continuing practice of expanding athletic opportunities for the underrepresented sex
Satisfied Interests
Schools must demonstrate that the interests and abilities of the underrepresented sex have been fully and effectively accommodated by the existing athletic program