Enduring Vision Chapter 7

Alien and Sedition Acts

A series of laws passed in 1798 designed to protect national security.

Alta California

present-day American state of California

Bill of Rights

the first ten amendments of the Constitution

Citizen Genet

First name: Edmond French minister to the United States. He was ordered to mobilize republican sentiment in support of France, enlist American mercenaries to conquer Spanish territories and attack British shipping, and strengthen the French-American alliance.

Election of 1796

Federalist John Adams won by three votes, and as the second-highest vote-getter in the electoral college, Thomas Jefferson became vice president.

Election of 1800

Presidential election where Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams.

Indian Trade and Intercourse Acts

These laws prohibited transfers of tribal lands to outsiders except as authorized in formal treaties or by Congress. Other provisions regulated the conduct of non-Indians on lands still under tribal control. To regulate intercultural trade and reduce abuses, the acts required that traders be licensed by the federal government. The law also defined murder and other abuses committed by non-Indians as federal offenses. Finally, the legislation authorized the federal government to establish programs that would "promote civilization" among Native Americans as a replacement for traditional culture.

Jay's Treaty

This treaty gave the Americans access to West Indian markets for small American ships, but only by bargaining away other American complaints as well as US rights to load cargoes of sugar, molasses, and coffee from French colonies during wartime.

Kentucky Resolution

Written by Jefferson, it declared that ultimate sovereignty rested with the states, which empowered them to "nullify" federal laws to which they objected.

Quasi-War

Franco-American naval conflict in the Caribbean from 1798-1800 where the US forces seized 93 French privateers while losing just one vessel.

Report on a National Bank

Hamilton's report that proposed for a Bank of the United States

Reports on the Public Credit

Hamilton's report that contained recommendations that would at once strengthen the country's credit, enable it to defer paying its debt, and entice wealthy investors to place their capital at its service

Treaty of Greenville

opened most of modern-day Ohio and a portion of Indiana to white settlement and ended US-Indian hostilities in the region for 16 years

Treaty of San Lorenzo

Also called Pinckney's Treaty, it won westerners the right of unrestricted, duty-free access to world markets via the Mississippi River.

Virginia Resolution

Written by Madison, it declared that state legislatures had never surrendered their right to judge the constitutionality of federal actions and that they retained an authority called interposition, which enabled them to protect the liberties of their citizens.

Whiskey Rebellion

A civil insurrection in 1794 where 100 men attacked a US marshal serving 60 delinquent taxpayers with summonses to appear in court at Philadelphia. A crowd of 500 burned the chief revenue officer's house after a shootout with federal soldiers assigned to protect him

Judiciary Act of 1789

In 1789 Congress passed this Act which created the federal-court system. The act managed to quiet popular apprehensions by establishing in each state a federal district court that operated according to local procedures.

James Madison

Part of the House of Representatives, led the drafting of the ten amendments that became known as the Bill of Rights .

Hamilton's "Report on the Subject of Manufactures"

Hamilton admired efficiently run factories in which a few managers supervised large numbers of workers. Manufacturing would provide employment opportunities, promote emigration, and expand the applications of technology

strict v. loose interpretation and the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution

Loose interpretation allows the government to do anything which the Constitution does not specifically forbid it from doing. Strict interpretation forbids the government from doing anything except what the Constitution specifically empowers it to do.

Jefferson and his states' right disciples believed the Constitution should be interpreted "literally" or "strictly". The reason why was to protect individual rights.

Federalists v. Republicans

Federalists mainly interested in trade and manufacturing while the Republicans were concerned fro agricultural interests and values and state rights. Viewed strong, centralized government as a threat

Washington's farewell address

-Washington retired from office after his 2nd term in 1797. His Farewell Address is actually a letter. In it he reacted sharply to Republicans, by warning against international entanglements (more specifically, denouncing against the Republicans that had been conspiring with the French to frustrate the Federalist diplomatic program.and against the dangers of permanent alliances with foreign nations. (Ex. The Jay Treaty)Warned against sectionalism (Ex: put down the Whiskey Rebellion). Temporary alliances wouldn't be quite as dangerous, but they should be made only in

XYZ Affair

1798 - A commission had been sent to France in 1797 to discuss the disputes that had arisen out of the U.S.'s refusal to honor the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. President Adams had also criticized the French Revolution, so France began to break off relations with the U.S. Adams sent delegates to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand in the hopes of working things out. Talleyrand's three agents told the American delegates that they could meet with Talleyrand only in exchange for a very large bribe. The Americans did not pay the bribe, and in 1798 Adams made the incident public, substituting the letters

Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, 1798

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.

interposition and nullification

An authority that enabled a state government to protect the liberties of citizens; an authority that enabled a state government to do away with a federal law it finds objectionable.

Jefferson-Bur tie

Jefferson and Burr ran together, when the electoral college voted for one, they were also voting for the other. Although John Adams was soundly defeated, the House of representatives voted on who would be the president, since Burr and Jefferson were tied. They couldn't reach a decision in 6 days, but eventually chose Jefferson in the closest election in U.S history.

"republican motherhood"

This was the idea that Women were great with instilling a good moral education into the youth, and this selfless devotion of a mother to her family was

Handsome Lake

A Seneca Iroquois prophet. Preached against alcoholism by appealing to religious traditions. Had Quaker missionaries teach agricultural methods to the Iroquois men.

Richard Allen and Absalom Jones

two free Black Christians who formed the free African society of Philadelphia, a community organization whose members pooled their scarce resources to assist one another and other blacks in need

Fugitive Slave Law, 1793

allowed owners to reclaim runaway slaves., Enacted by Congress in 1793 and 1850, these laws provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The North was lax about enforcing the 1793 law, with irritated the South no end. The 1850 law was tougher and was aimed at eliminating the underground railroad.

Saint Domingue (Haiti) slave uprising

1789 slaves under leadership of Toussaint L'Ouverture seized control of colony; 1801 Napoleon sent 23,000 soldiers to regain colony however slaves won and thousands of soldiers died of yellow fever

Gabriel Prosser and Gabriel's Rebellion, 1800

Preacher- In 1800, he gathered 1000 rebellious slaves outside of Richmond; but 2 Africans gave the plot away, and the Virginia militia stymied the uprising before it could begin, along with 35 others he was executed.

Eli Whitney

This person was the inventor of the cotton gin and the first to use the system of interchangeable parts. Cotton gin cleaned cotton of its seed. It fastened slavery to the south. Apparently he was ironic because he invented something that helped slavery but also something that helped industrialism which helped end slavery by starting the civil war.

Alexander Hamilton

1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.