Review of Carbon Compounds and Organic Chemistry

These flashcards cover key concepts related to carbon compounds and organic chemistry discussed in the lecture.

Cells are composed of approximately __% carbon compounds.

25%

The ability of carbon to bind to four different atoms allows for the formation of __ molecules.

diverse

Organic molecules are those that contain and .

carbon; hydrogen

A covalent bond is considered to give __ to molecules.

stability

The __ group is a functional group known for making compounds acidic.

Carboxyl

The process of breaking down polymers into monomers through water addition is known as __.

hydrolysis

Triglycerides are formed through __ reactions involving fatty acids and glycerol.

condensation

Monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose have the same molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₆, meaning they are __.

isomers

are a type of carbohydrate that serve as a primary source of energy for cells.

Carbohydrates

Phospholipids are key components of __, forming a bilayer structure.

cell membranes

The type of bond that links two monosaccharides together is known as a __ bond.

glycosidic

Waxes are composed primarily of long __ chains and are strongly hydrophobic.

hydrocarbon

Saturated fatty acids have mostly __ bonds between carbon atoms.

single

Cellulose cannot be digested by human enzymes due to its __ linkages.

beta-1,4

The distinction between alpha- and beta-glucose is primarily in the orientation of the __ group off carbon 1.

–OH

Glycoproteins play a crucial role in __ recognition between cells.

cell-to-cell

Lipids are primarily and in nature, making them hydrophobic.

composed of carbon; hydrogen