1/88
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
Acne Vulgaris
hypersensitivity of the sebaceous glands + inflammation + adolescents
Rosacea
Variable erythema and telangiectasia + papules & pustules + females 30/50s
Triggers = alcohol, foods, hot drinks, heat, emotion
Sebaceous hyperplasia
Benign condition of sebaceous glands
-Middle-aged male adults
-↓ levels of androgens
- Whitish-yellow or skin-colored papules with central umbilication
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Severe mucocutaneous reaction with target lesions and (+) Nikolsky sign
- pmhx of medications (e.g., ABX)
Asboe-Hansen sign or "bulla spread sign”
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Severe mucocutaneous reaction
Most commonly triggered by medications
Characterized by extensive necrosis and detachment of the epidermis
SJS; TEN
______ = less severe, skin detachment is <10% BSA
_______ = more severe, skin detachment >30% BSA
Rubella
Maculopapular rash that spreads from face --> trunk/extremities
- spares palm & soles
- conjunctivitis
Forchheimer spots
Associated with Rubella; small, red papules or spots on the soft palate
Roseola
Caused by HHV-6; rash starts on neck/trunk and spreads; common in children under 2 years
- BLANCHING rash
Erythema Infectiosum
'Slapped cheek' rash caused by Parvovirus B19
viral illness (Coxsackevirus)
Etiology of hand foot mouth disease?
hand-foot-mouth (Coxsackevirus)
rash of the hands and feet, including the palms & soles (in oral mucosa)
- mouth/throat pain
- refusal to eat
-
Chancre (syphilis)
Painless lesion on penis/vulva
Secondary synphilis
Fever, HA, anorexia + widespread, pruritic rash that includes palms/soles + lymphadenopathy + pmhx of painless lesion on genitalia
Pilonidal disease
Occurs at or near the upper part of gluteal cleft
- 20/30 yo male
- hx pressure/stretching of anus
S. aureus
MC etiology of folliculitis?
Folliculitis barbae
Infection of hair follicles in the beard area
Hot-tub folliculitis
Folliculitis associated with whirlpools, hot-tubs, swimming pools
Pseudomonas
MC etiology of Hot-tub folliculitis
cellulitis
U/L skin redness/swelling/warmth + lower extremities + poorly demarcated
erysipilas
U/L redness/painful/itching + clearly demarcated raised border
Impetigo
Bacterial skin infection with honey-colored exudate/crust
candidiasis
Tenderness, itching, and pain in moist areas + satellite lesions + DM/obese/immunocomprimised
Tinea pedis
Fungal infx + rash in between toes/on feet
Tinea corporis
Fungal infx + rash + patch or plaque that spreads centrifugally
Tinea cruris
Fungal infx + rash + erythematous or hyperpigmented patch on the proximal medial thigh
Tinea capitis
Fungal infx + rash + Scaly patches with alopecia and patches of alopecia with visible black dots
lice
Pruritus of the scalp/neck + school-aged children
Scabies
________ is common in crowded conditions with burrows and intense itching
- pruritis is worse at night
- excoriations/burrows in between the finger webs
Molluscum contagiosum
Dome-shaped shiny papules with central umbillication
Varicella zoster
Causes vesicular lesions on an erythematous base
- dew-drop on rose petal appearance
Herpes zoster (shingles)
Rash + nerve pain that does NOT cross midline
- MC in thorax or lumbar spine
HPV
_________causing warts/verrucae; associated with thrombosed capillaries
Oral herpes (HSV-1)
Painful, recurring vesicles or ulcers (may begin with tingling, itching or burning)
- blisters (cold sores) in/around mouth or lips
Genital herpes (HSV-2)
Painful, recurring vesicles or ulcers (may begin with tingling, itching or burning)
- PAINFUL papules, vesicles, or ulcers around the genitals or anus
Actinic keratosis; cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Adult w/ fair skin + solitary or multiple lesions on highly sun exposed areas + scaly plaque/macule
What is this patient predisposed to?
Seborrheic keratosis
Benign, waxy/scaly skin growth that typically appears in middle-aged and older adults
- verrucous/greasy
cutaneous horn
straight or curved, hard, yellow-brown projection from the skin
SCC
Patient with lightly pigmented skin + bump that "won't heal" +
- Hyperkeratotic debris (MALIGNANT)
BCC
MC skin cancer?
BCC
Scaly patch, a new bump, or a sore that won’t heal
- Pearly pink papule/nodule
melanoma (most serious form of skin cancer)
Asymmetric, irregular borders, changed-color lesion
Melasma
Recurring disorder of hyperpigmentation, often 2/2 hormone production (e.g., PREGNANCY)
- occurs on sun-exposed skin
Vitiligo
Autoimmune condition with chalky/milky lesions; common in females around 20 years
Koebner phenomenon
Skin condition worsening at sites of trauma or injury
Eczema
Chronic, pruritic, inflammatory skin disease with rash, dry skin
-Occurs most frequently in children
Lichen Planus
Skin condition with fine, white Wickham stria
- pruritic, purplish, polygonal, plain-topped, papules
Pityriasis Rosea
Skin rash with a solitary salmon-colored herald patch or Christmas tree pattern on the back
Plaque psoriasis
Erythematous plaques with a thick, silvery scale
Guttate psoriasis
Multiple, small psoriatic papules and plaques
- “Drop-like”
- Seen after Strep pharyngitis
Auspitz sign
pinpoint bleeding after removal of scale overlying a psoriasis plaque
Erythema multiforme
Skin reaction with concentric target lesions
- SYMMETRIC
- Negative Nikolsky sign
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV 8)
Etiology of kaposi sarcoma (HIV skin contition)?
Lesions on lower extremities, face (nose), oral mucosa, & genitalia arranged in a linear fashion. Vascular tumor
- not painful or pruritis
Stasis dermatitis
Skin inflammation on the lower extremities with weeping patches & plaques
Acanthosis Nigricans
Velvety plaques on the posterior neck associated with insulin resistance
Lyme (Borrelia burgdorferi)
Erythema migrans + local adenopathy
RMSF (Rickettsia rickettsii)
Rash that begins on the wrists and ankles and spreads centripetally to involve the trunk and extremities.
-Rash on the palms and soles***
Pemphigus vulgaris
Mucus membrane involvement - erosions of mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, vagina
- PAINFUL lesions
- (+) Nikolsky sign
Pemphigus vulgaris
flaccid & easily ruptured; (+) Nikolsky; oral mucosa = prodrome
Bullous pemphigoid
Tense & firm topped bullae with uticaria as prodrome
- (-) Nikolsky sign
epidermoid inclusion cyst
- Discharge of a foul-smelling "cheeselike" material
- Flesh-colored-to-yellowish, firm, round nodules
solar lentigo
sharply circumscribed, pigmented macule
Histology: hyperplasia of the epidermis & ↑ pigmentation of basal layer
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Skin tunnels in intertriginous skin areas like axillary**, groin, perianal, perineal, and inframammary regions
- MC in women
Telogen Effluvium
Diffuse, nonscarring hair loss with < 50% of scalp hair loss
Anagen effluvium
Acute loss of anagen hair fibers secondary to chemotherapy or toxin exposure and represents loss of > 80%
Paronychia; Staphylococci
Pain in the lateral nail fold due to infection = _________.
Etiology?
Koilonychia
Spoon-shaped nails seen in iron deficiency anemia
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Soft, painless mass on the anterior neck due to a remnant of thyroid development
Branchial Cleft Cysts
Painless swellings on the lateral neck along the SCM
Torticollis
lateral neck flexion and neck rotation of an infant 2-4w
Epstein Barr virus
Tonsillitis + symmetric lymphadenopathy (posterior cervical chain) + exudate *
Graves Disease
Autoimmune condition with protruding eyes due to hyperthyroidism
basilar skull fx
-Retroauricular or mastoid ecchymosis (ie, Battle sign) typically appears one to three days after the fracture is sustained
-periorbital ecchymosis
-Clear rhinorrhea or otorrhea
Lymphatic Filariasis
Parasitic infx caused by nematodes (roundworms)+ lymphangitis/lymphedema + odd enlargement of extremities (elephantiasis)
Toxoplasmosis
Caused by Toxoplasma gondii leading to retinochoroiditis
- cervical lymphadenopathy
- pregnant women & gardeners
Toxoplasmosis
Ophthalmologic examination reveals multiple yellow-white cotton like patches with indistinct margins located in small clusters in the posterior pole
Cat-scratch disease
Caused by Bartonella henselae presenting with ecchymosis and mistaken for insect bites
- lesions are 2-5 mm
- lymphadenopathy
Most common in patients 20-30 years of age and then after 55 years of age
BIMODAL
Ages affected by Hodgkin lymphoma?
Hodgkin lymphoma
Palpable, painless lymphadenopathy
- weight loss, fever
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
common type of cancer that affects CHILDREN (<5 years old at highest risk)
CLL
Lymphocytic Leukemia with early satiety/abdominal fullness
- older male, 72 yo
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
95% of cases caused by abnormal Philadelphia chromosome. rare blood cancer that develops when the bone marrow makes too many myeloid cells
multiple myeloma
Bone pain and pathologic fractures that doesn't make sense
Lymphedema
Edema with peau d'orange appearance due to lymphatic obstruction
Rubella
Rash starts on face & spreads caudally; spares palms & soles; caused by Matonaviridae
Roseola
Rash starts on neck/trunk and spreads; nonpruritic
- ABRUPT FEVER (but child is still okay)
Measles
Rash that blanches caudally; Koplik spots in buccal mucosa; conjunctivitis
- cough, fever, conjunctivitis
measles
Koplik spots
Etiology of Roseola?
HHV 6 or 7