13 - Free oxidation – definetion. Termogenesis – regulation, brown adipose tissue, role of thermogenin. Metabolic reactions of free oxidation – oxidase reactions, microsomal and peroxisomal oxidation, short electron transport chains in the endoplasmic reticulum.

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8 Terms

1
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sections

  • what is free oxidation

  • biological significance of free oxidation

  • thermolysis (heat loss)

  • regulators of heat exchange

  • thermogenesis

  • regulation of heat generation in cold

  • brown adipocytes

2
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  • what is free oxidation

  • oxidation processes that aren’t coupled with synthesis of macroergic compounds e.g ATP free energy is lost as heat

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  • biological significance of free oxidation

  • Thermogenesis in the thermoregulation of warm-blooded animals and humans

  • Metabolic function - conversion of a number of endogenous and exogenous compounds: AAs, steroid compounds, purine nucleotides, xenobiotics etc

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  • thermolysis (heat loss)

  • radiation

  • conduction

  • convection

  • evaporation

  • respiration

  • loss through urine and faeces

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  • regulators of heat exchange

  • Hypothalamus

  • Central and peripheral thermoreceptors (detect changes in blood temp)

  • Triggers: effectors, sweat glands, smooth muscle around arterioles, skeletal muscle, endocrine glands

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  • thermogenesis

  • Heat Production & Cold Exposure Summary:

    • At rest: Muscles produce ~18% of body heat

    • Voluntary exercise: Increases heat production up to 10×

    • Involuntary (e.g., shivering): Raises heat 4×, but much is lost via muscle contraction

    • Non-shivering thermogenesis: Regulated by hormones

    Cold Exposure Effects:

    • ↑ Oxygen consumption by cells

    • ↑ ATP synthesis initially → leads to ADP + Pi depletion

    • If prolonged: Suppressed respiration → rapid ATP breakdown

    • Risk: Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (dangerous)

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  • regulation of heat generation in cold

  1. exposure to cold

  2. stimulate TSH

  3. secretion of T3

  4. Triggers release of noradrenaline

  5. increase heart rate

  6. skin arterioles vasocontrict

  7. heat is conserved

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  • brown adipocytes

  • small lipid vacuoles

  • many mitochondria + cristae

  • Thermogenin converts protons into heat energy