2023 RxPrep Ch. 2 Basic Science Concepts

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain & Spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

- Somatic (efferent & afferent)

- Autonomic (sympathetic & parasympathetic)

The acetylcholine released from the parasympathetic division acts on muscarinic receptors scattered all across the body. The acronym SLUDGE describes the general effects.

- Salivation

- Lacrimation

- Urination

- Defecation

- Gastric motility

- Emesis

Antagonism

Competitive inhibition

Antagonist binds to the SAME receptor at the SAME active site as the endogenous ligand

Antagonism

Non-competitive inhibition

Antagonist binds to the SAME receptor but at a DIFFERENT site than the endogenous ligand (allosteric site)

Describe the effect of muscarinic receptor agonism in the body

SLUDGE

Describe the effect of muscarinic receptor antagonism in the body

anti-SLUDGE

Describe the effect of nicotinic receptor agonism in the body

Elevated HR & BP

Describe the effect of nicotinic receptor antagonism in the body

NM blockade

Describe the effect of ⍺1 receptor agonism in the body

Vasoconstriction & elevated BP

Describe the effect of ⍺1 receptor antagonism in the body

Vasodilation & decreased BP

Describe the effect of ⍺2 receptor agonism in the body

Decreased sympathetic output (lower BP & HR)

Describe the effect of ⍺2 receptor antagonism in the body

Increased sympathetic output (elevated BP & HR)

Describe the effect of β1 receptor agonism in the body

Increased myocardial contractility, CO, & HR

Describe the effect of β1 receptor antagonism in the body

Decreased CO & HR

Describe the effect of β2 receptor agonism in the body

Bronchodilation

Describe the effect of β2 receptor antagonism in the body

Bronchoconstriction

Describe the effect of DA receptor agonism/antagonism in the body

Renal, Cardiac, CNS effects, etc.

Describe the effect of 5-HT receptor agonism/antagonism in the body

Platelet, GI, Psychiatric effects, etc.

State the function of the following enzyme:

Acetylcholinesterase

Breaks down ACh

State the function of the following enzyme:

ACE

Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

State the function of the following enzyme:

COMT

Breaks down levodopa

State the function of the following enzyme:

COX

Converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (inflammation) & thromboxane A2 (PLT aggregation)

State the function of the following enzyme:

MAO

Breaks down catecholamines (DA, NE, EPI, 5-HT)

State the function of the following enzyme:

Phosphodiesterase (PDE)

Breaks down cGMP (smooth muscle relaxant)

State the function of the following enzyme:

Vitamin K epoxide reductase

Converts vitamin K to its active form that is required for the production of select clotting factors

State the function of the following enzyme:

Xanthin oxidase (XO)

Breaks down hypoxanthine & xanthine into uric acid

Hypertensive Crisis

Catecholamine excess

Serotonin Syndrome

Serotonin excess

Beta-lactam structure

Gentamicin structure

Sulfa drug structure

Aspirin structure

Ibuprofen structure

Levothyroxine structure

Amiodarone structure

Fenofibrate structure

Amitriptyline structure

Chlorpromazine structure