sat revision

water as a unique chemical//solubility concentration

molarity

n_{number of mols} = cV

C_molarity = n/V

V_litres = n/c

mg

µL

g

mL

Kg

L

concentration

Part (solute)/ Whole (solution)

gL^-1

c = mass_g/volume_L

%(m/v)

c = mass of solute/volume of solute x 100

%(v/v)

c = volume of solute/volume of solution x 100

ppm

c = solute/solution x 10⁶

ppb

c = solute/solution x 10⁹

dilution

c₁v₁ = c₂v₂

solute

substance dissolved

solvent

substance doing the dissolving

solution

homogeneous combination of solute and solvent

solubility

g/100g

saturated

no more solute can be dissolved in a given volume at a specific temperature

unsaturated

contains less solute than is needed to make a saturated solution, more solute can be saturated at this temperature

supersaturated

unstable solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution, if this solution is disturbed, some of the dissolved solute will crystallise out of solution

crystallisation

will occur in solutions that are supersaturated at the respective temperature

solubility curve

• solubility on y axis

• temperature on x axis

• above the curve is supersaturated

• under the curve is unsaturated

• on the curve is saturated