Microbiology Chapter 9

Genetic engineering is the manipulation of an organism’s DNA to alter its genetic material.

True

Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sequences.

True

Cohesive “sticky” ends refer to DNA ends that can easily pair with complementary sequences.

True

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on their size.

True

Ethidium bromide is a stain used to visualize DNA in gel electrophoresis.

True

Selective markers help identify bacteria that have successfully taken up a plasmid.

True

A plasmid is a small

circular piece of DNA that is separate from chromosomal DNA in bacteria.

Recombinant DNA is formed by combining DNA from different sources.

True

The origin of replication in a plasmid ensures that the plasmid is replicated in the host cell.

True

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a technique used to amplify DNA.

True

Primers are short single-stranded sequences that initiate DNA replication in PCR.

True

DNA sequencing allows for the determination of the nucleotide order in a DNA sample.

True

ddNTPs are chain-terminating nucleotides used in DNA sequencing.

True

DNA probes are used to identify specific DNA sequences in a sample.

True

Colony blotting involves transferring DNA from bacterial colonies to a membrane for further analysis.

True

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique that uses fluorescent probes to detect specific DNA sequences.

True

GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) is used as a marker in molecular biology.

True

The Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act (GINA) prevents discrimination based on genetic information.

True

PCR is not useful in determining genetic diseases.

False

Plasmids are commonly used as vectors for cloning and DNA techniques.

True

The manipulation of an organism’s genetic material is known as .

genetic engineering

Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences creating .

sticky ends or blunt ends

Cohesive “sticky” ends are the result of restriction enzymes cutting DNA in a way that leaves overhanging single-stranded regions that are complementary and can form base pairs.

true

A technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size is .

gel electrophoresis

is a dye used to stain DNA in gel electrophoresis for visualization.

Ethidium bromide

A is a gene or marker used to identify cells that have taken up foreign DNA.

selective marker

A is a small circular piece of DNA used as a vector in cloning.

plasmid

The process of combining DNA from different sources is known as creating .

recombinant DNA

The DNA sequence used to initiate replication in plasmids is called the .

origin of replication

The process of creating many copies of a DNA segment is called .

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

Primers in PCR are used to the DNA replication process.

initiate

In DNA sequencing colored are used to terminate DNA strands at specific nucleotides.

ddNTP’s

are short DNA sequences used to identify specific genes or regions in a sample.

DNA probes

DNA hybridization is the process of complementary strands of DNA.

pairing

The technique of transferring DNA from bacterial colonies to a membrane is called .

colony blotting

is a technique that uses fluorescent probes to detect specific DNA sequences in situ.

FISH

GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) is used as a in molecular biology to track gene expression.

marker

The Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act (GINA) prevents based on genetic information.

discrimination

The most common vector for cloning or other DNA techniques is the .

plasmid

PCR is useful in determining genetic diseases because it allows for the detection and of specific gene mutations.

amplification