Genetic Diversity in Meiosis and Fertilization

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts related to genetic diversity arising from meiosis and fertilization.

Crossing over

The process during prophase I of meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange segments, contributing to genetic diversity.

Sister chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere, which are separated during meiosis.

Chiasma

The point where two homologous non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material during crossing over.

Homologous chromosomes

Chromosome pairs, one from each parent, that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content.

Recombinant chromatids

Chromatids that have undergone crossing over, resulting in a new combination of genes.

Independent assortment

The random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes during meiosis, leading to genetic variation.

Random fertilization

The process by which any sperm can fertilize any egg, resulting in a zygote with diverse genetic combinations.

Zygote

The cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg; it contains genetic material from both parents.

Diploid combinations

The total number of possible chromosome combinations from both parents' gametes, which can result in diversity in offspring.

Genetic variation

The diversity in gene frequencies among individuals within a population, influenced by processes like meiosis and fertilization.