lifespan dev quiz

Dexter, age 4, speaks differently to his baby sister than to his teacher. This indicates that he understands some of the practical uses of language. Dexter is developing an understanding of:

pragmatics

The ratio of reported maltreatment cases to substantiated maltreatment cases is:

5 to 1

Developmentalists who focus on children's thinking about gender roles as opposed to the children's observable behaviors are _____ theorists.

cognitive

When Nate's dad gets home from work, Nate runs to him shouting, "Daddy!" His dad sweeps him up in a bear hug, gives him a gentle knuckle rub on top of his head, then lowers him to the ground in a pretend choke hold. Nate screams with delight, escapes the hold, and climbs on his dad's back to ride him like a horse. Inadvertently, Nate hurt his dad while climbing, and his dad said sternly, "That really hurt. Be nice!" What kind of lesson is Nate's dad teaching him with this bout of rough-and-tumble play?

emotional regulation

Which theory focuses on how children learn acceptable behaviors for their gender?

cognitive theory

Stephanie spends hours at a time playing with her doll, Emma. She gives Emma a bath, dresses her, feeds her, and pretends to change her diaper. Stephanie is _____ to play with Emma.

intrinsically motivated

Freud would say that a typical 5-year-old child is in the _____ stage of development.

phallic stage

Sociodramatic play may help children develop:

a theory of mind

Psychological control as a means of discipline relies on a child's:

feelings of shame, guilt, and gratitude.

By the preschool years children:

spend over two hours a day with some form of media.

Children who have peers to actively play with tend to:

develop physical skills

Which of the following is a learning disorder related to math?

dyscalculia

Robert Siegler has studied the day-by-day details of children's cognition in math. He has found that children:

gradually acquire math knowledge skills

Physical activity can benefit children in all of the following ways EXCEPT by improving:

oral health practices

obesity has increased because it is common for

young children to watch tv and drink soda

children are considered overweight if they are in the __ percentile

85th

Mastery of pragmatics allows children to change styles of speech, or "codes," depending on the audience. What code are children likely to use with their teachers?

formal code

Erik is excitable, impulsive, and very energetic. He also has great difficulty concentrating. He MOST likely has:

ADHD

asthma is a disorder caused by the __ of the airways

inflammation

a federally sponsored test in the US is called the

NAEP

James was diagnosed with ADHD at an early age. Throughout school he had extreme academic difficulties, though he excelled at art. When he graduated from high school he started a career as an artist and quickly began to sell his work and achieved critical acclaim. As an adult he was experiencing life success even though he still had symptoms of ADHD. Which of the four general principles of developmental psychopathology does this example BEST illustrate?

life may be better or worse in adulthood

Children's ideas about their intelligence, personality, abilities, gender, and ethnic background form their:

self concept

the MOST common type of family for 6- to 11-year-olds in the United States is the:

nuclear family

What factors generally determine whether a child is well liked by his or her peers?

culture and cohort

Which statement is FALSE regarding self-conscious emotions?

they are associated with reduced self esteem

What is the third stage of moral reasoning in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory?

postconventional

The BEST example of an aggressive-rejected child is:

vera who is disliked because she tells other kids they are stupid

What is the first stage of moral reasoning in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory?

preconventional

Amanda is proud that she is a girl. According to your text, she is likely to

develop healthy self esteem

Compared with nuclear families, extended families typically:

include grandparents

_____ can be used to help children develop morality.

scaffolding

Knowing which words, tones, and grammatical forms to use with whom is called:

pragmatics

According to Vygotsky's theory, skills that a child can accomplish with assistance but cannot yet perform independently are part of:

the zone of proximal development

According to Vygotsky, within the context of cognition, language is a tool:

to advance thought

According to theory-theory, children overimitate adults because they:

they theorize that irrevelant behavior must be important

Demetrius's family recently immigrated to the United States from the Ukraine. After he attended kindergarten, his parents noticed that his English was more fluent than his native language. Demetrius was exhibiting:

a language shift

Avia, age 4, visited the city zoo, pointed to a zebra, and exclaimed, "Look at the horse with stripes!" In describing the zebra, Avia used:

logical extension

Aaron was playing under the kitchen table when he stood up suddenly and bumped his head. He pointed at the table and sternly said, "Mean table!" Aaron is demonstrating Piaget's concept of:

animism

A child's ability to add new vocabulary words very quickly is called:

fast mapping

In neuroscience terms, neurons have two types of impulses:

active inhibition

Claire is a young child. She has a vocabulary of roughly 700 words. Recently, Claire has started asking "What's that?" questions. For example, at the zoo, she pointed to every animal, asking, "What's that?" While reading books with her parents, Claire continually asks, "What's that?" even when she is familiar with the pictures. Based on this information, Claire is probably _____ years old.

2

Which theory states that gender role differences are rooted in a basic urge to reproduce?

evolutionary theory

What is one of the functions peers provide in active play?

competition

Which illustrates tertiary prevention for child maltreatment?

providing psychotherapy to a child who has been abused

Age 40 is notable because it is the first age at which:

any specific age takes over causing human mortality to be in jeopardy

Mr. and Mrs. Scott want to instill a sense of intrinsic motivation in their 5-year-old daughter Yin. Yin brings home a drawing of her school and classroom. How should the Scotts respond?

you really worked hard on this drawing

diana baurmind is known for her work in

parenting styles

Marla and Claire are 3-year-olds at free play in their preschool. Marla has a lacy apron tied around her head like a wedding veil, and Claire has a sheer curtain tied over her shoulders like a cape. Each of them is holding a wand—one is a stick with a star on the end, and the other is a long Tinker Toy stick with one wheel connector at the end. When asked what they're doing, Marla says, "We're playing fairy. We're both fairies." What kind of play are they engaging in?

socio dramatic play

Which theorist strongly emphasized the importance of play during childhood?

vygotsky

In which country is physical punishment of a child illegal?

finland

The desire to pursue a goal that comes from within a person is called:

intrinsic motivation

Andrew is in the grocery store with his mom and he sees the candy-like cereal he saw advertised on television. He asks his mom to purchase it and she says no. He continues to beg, bargain, and pout until she concedes. Andrew demonstrated _____ power.

pester

More than 100 nations have participated in at least one massive international test of educational achievement. Longitudinal data finds that:

if achievement rises then the national economy rises

MOST children with autism spectrum disorder show signs in:

infancy

When LeAnne wants her teacher to repeat a question, she asks, "Would you please repeat the question?" but when she needs a classmate to repeat himself, she says, "Huh?" This example shows that LeAnne understands:

pragmatics of language

Abbreviations (such as LOL, BTW, and RU) in text messages and e-mails is an example of:

informal linguistic code

In recent years, Finland has gained a great deal of attention for its very successful educational system. Which statement about Finland's educational reform is FALSE?

Students are given a series of high-stakes tests at each level.

Most nations have exhibited substantial increases in IQ scores during the past century. This phenomenon is called the:

flynn effect

According to the DSM-5, in order for ADHD to be diagnosed,:

several symptoms have to begin before the age of 12

Bree has weekly spelling tests. On Monday she gets the list of ten words and realizes she knows how to spell four of the words. Rather than studying these four words, she spends Tuesday and Wednesday studying the six new words. On Wednesday evening she quizzes herself on the six words and learns she now knows how to spell three more. Thursday, she studies the three words she still did not know how to spell. Friday morning before the spelling test she quizzes herself on all ten words and correctly spells all ten words. Bree's ability to evaluate the task of learning words and to monitor and adjust her performance throughout the learning process is a product of:

metacognition

In the United States, public schools that set their own standards, are licensed by the state, but are exempt from some state regulations, are known as _____ schools.

charter schools

In _____, the dominant idea about resilience was that communities are responsible for child resilience.

2015

Research indicates that a child who demonstrates positive adaptation in the face of stressors such as poverty and neglect is showing resilience and:

may or may not show resilience in the future

Deliberately modifying one's impulses and emotions is referred to as:

effortful control

Which factor makes extended families more likely?

poverty

Jim is close with his father. Which of the following are they NOT likely to engage in together?

physical care

All of the following factors drive children's growing interest in moral issues EXCEPT:

antipathy

An expert team of scientists compared 1,000 sets of monozygotic twins reared by their biological parents. The researchers asked the mothers to describe each twin. Descriptions ranged from very positive to very negative. The researchers measured personality at age 5 (including antisocial behavior as reported by kindergarten teachers) and then measured each twin's personality two years later. The results revealed:

 

if mothers were more negative toward one of their twins, that twin became more antisocial at age 7 than at age 5.

The crucial element in Lawrence Kohlberg's assessment of moral stages is:

the reason why an answer was chosen

Which child is MOST likely to have poor academic performance?

scott whose father is in the military

Tom's mother is considering different wallpapers for decorating his room. She asks him, "Which one do you like better: the striped or the plaid?" Tom's vocabulary doesn't include the word "plaid," but he's able to figure out what the word must mean based on the context. Tom is using _____ to add a new word to his vocabulary.

fast mapping

As Shawn and his father, Carlos, put together a puzzle for the first time, Carlos begins by showing Shawn how to locate the outside pieces of the puzzle first. Once Shawn starts to get the idea, Carlos gradually withdraws his support, allowing Shawn to take more responsibility. Carlos is demonstrating Vygotsky's concept of:

scaffolding

An evaluation of Head Start found that benefits were MOST apparent for children:

with the lowest family income

Parents of a typical 5-year-old girl in America are MOST likely to say:

she isnt eating enough

Overregularization in a child's speech patterns indicates that:

the child can apply grammatical rules to vocalizations

The amygdala is a brain structure that registers:

emotions

Far more children die from ____ than from any specific disease.

violence

Maltreated children suffering from PTSD may show all of the following signs EXCEPT being:

offensive

A child's active play during the childhood years correlates with:

increased peer acceptance

____ is regulated in almost every culture.

anger

A child having an imaginary friend is an example of:

intrinsic motivation

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, little boys cope with the guilt of wanting to kill their fathers by:

developing a superego

Charolette has just required her 4-year-old daughter to sit quietly, without toys or any form of play, for a few minutes after her daughter deliberately poured juice on the floor. This is an example of:

time out

Which of these statements does NOT contribute to emotional regulation?

timing of birth matters

Abby's BMI is in the 79th percentile, which is associated with being:

79th percentile

Approximately _____ percent of all U.S. children are currently home-schooled.

4 percent

Public subsidy for tuition payment at a nonpublic school is referred to as a:

voucher

A marked delay in a particular area of learning that is NOT caused by an apparent physical disability, by intellectual disability, or by an unusually stressful home environment is referred to as:

a specific learning disorder

A child's achievement seems more influenced by _____ in the United States than in other nations.

income and ethnicity

One problem with smaller school class sizes is that:

the research supporting their advantages is mixed

Ten-year-old Kevin frequently cannot sit still and is constantly fidgeting. Kevin may be diagnosed with:

adhd

Which element is important for self-esteem during middle childhood?

academic achievement

Childhood popularity depends on:

cultural norms

Chad steals food to feed himself and his little brother because they are starving. If another child hears about this and states, "Chad shouldn't steal because stealing is against the law," that child is MOST likely in Lawrence Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development.

conventional

There are many approaches to addressing the issue of bullying. Research indicates the one effective approach is:

changing the school culture as a whole

When 9-year-old children were asked to choose between retribution and restitution for a punishment,:

about half choose restiution and half to retribition

Eric has been married before and has two biological children. He has just married Natasha, who has also been married before and has a biological son. Their family is an example of a _____ family.

stepparent

Parental pressure for children to excel may be related to:

both internalizing and externalizing problems

What period is the prime time for moral development?

middle childhood

The fact that some children in middle childhood care for younger children, others do housework, some use power tools, and others are supervised for everything represents:

cohort and context changes