World History: Modern, Unit 1 (General Vocabulary)

Theocracy

Government controlled by religious leaders

What is Champa Rice?

Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season.

Where was Champa Rice originally introduced from?

India

To which country was Champa Rice sent as a tribute gift?

China

What system was Champa Rice sent to China as part of?

The Chinese tributary system

House of Wisdom

Combination library, academy, and translation center in Baghdad established in the 800s.

What does Neo-Confucianism describe?

The resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty.

What two philosophies are unified in Neo-Confucianism?

Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics and Confucian pragmatism.

Delhi Sultanate

Centralized Indian empire of varying extent, created by Muslim invaders.

Meritocracy

a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement

Sultan

Military and political leader with absolute authority over a Muslim country

Who were the successors to Mohammed?

Caliphs

What is the term for the Islamic state led by a caliph?

Caliphate

In what year did Mohammed die?

632 CE

What is Sunni?

A Muslim group that accepts elected leadership through a consensus.

Who do Sunnis accept as the rightful leaders?

The first four caliphs.

What is Shia?

A branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's.

Where is Shia Islam mainly found?

In Iran and a small part of Iraq.

What is the state religion of Iran?

Shia Islam.

What is a member of the Shia group called?

A Shi'ite.

City-state

a city that, with its surrounding territory, forms an independent state

Grand Canal

A canal linking northern and southern China

Filial Piety

In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors.

Imperial Bureaucracy

Division of an empire into organized provinces to make it easier to control

Abbasid Caliphate

(750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Mulim could be a part of.

Bhakti Movement

An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity.

Matrilineal Society

Social standing was determined by the woman's side of the family.

Theravada Buddhism

Buddhist sect that focuses on the wisdom of the Buddha

Mahayana Buddhism

Buddhist sect that focuses on the compassion of the Buddha

What was the Civil Service Exam in China based on?

Confucian teachings

What was the purpose of the Civil Service Exam in China?

To select people for various government service jobs in the bureaucracy

Foot Binding

Practice in Chinese society that represented wealth and displayed a high social status

Why was foot binding a sign of high social status?

It meant that the husband was so wealthy that they could hire people to do all the work for the wife, since their feet would hurt so much that they couldn't walk.

What is feudalism?

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king.

What do nobles provide in exchange for land in feudalism?

Loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land.

Monarchy

A government ruled by a king or queen

What was the biggest political difference between Islam and Europe?

In Europe, the monarchy had the most power; as much as the churches did have power and made decisions, it was the king/queen that was in control. ("No religion in government.") Islam had all the power in religion, even in the government.

What is the Mayans?

A pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilization that was the most advanced

What were some achievements of the Mayans?

Mathematics, architecture, and a 365-day calendar.

When did the Mayans flourish?

Between the 4th and 12th centuries C.E.

What kind of political system did the Mayans have?

A monarchy

Who was Mansa Musa?

Ruler of Mali

What years did Mansa Musa rule Mali?

1312-1337

What significant pilgrimage did Mansa Musa undertake?

Pilgrimage to Mecca

In what years did Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca take place?

1324-1325

What impact did Mansa Musa's pilgrimage have on the Mali Empire?

Established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world

What was the first known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa?

Ghana

During which centuries did the Ghana kingdom exist?

Between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E.

What was the modern name of the West African country once known as the Gold Coast?

Ghana

What were the main commodities traded in ancient Ghana?

Gold and salt

What does the term 'Dar al-Islam' refer to?

Countries where Muslims can practice their religion freely.

What does 'Dar al-Islam' translate to in English?

'House of Islam'

TEA

T: Topic, E: Evidence, A: Analyze

Tang and Song Dynasty

Golden Ages of China

What were the Silk Roads?

A system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia.

What goods were commonly traded along the Silk Roads?

Silk, precious stones, spices, etc.

What regions did the Silk Roads connect?

Eurasia

tributary system

An arrangement in which other states had to pay money or provide goods as tributes to another state