Year 9 End of Year Revision

Jerusalem

The City in which Jesus taught, was crucified, and rose from the dead

Bethlehem

the small town where Jesus was born

Catholic Church

A denomination of Christianity which emphases tradition and the leadership of the Pope in Rome

Orthodox Church

A denomination of Christianity that followed the Eastern traditions of Christianity as opposed to the Western traditions

The Incarnation

The Christian belief that the Logos, or the Word, became flesh in the person of Jesus. Through this humanity is believed to be redeemed and this is celebrated at Christmas

Fundamentalist Creationism

Belief that all life was created by God as literally described in the bible.

Liberal Christians on Creation

The Bible is a mythological text which is not literal but contains narrative and moral teachings on creation

'In the beginning God created the Heavens and the Earth' Genesis

Old Testament Quote on Creation

'In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. Through Him all things were made' John

New Testament Quote on Creation

Christian Festivals

Christmas and Easter and the major festivals. Christmas is the celebration of the incarnation and the birth of Jesus. Easter is the celebration of the resurrection and ascension of Jesus.

Christmas Practices

-Christians will attend a midnight mass, or church service to celebrate Christmas morning and the birth of Jesus.

-Christians will prepare for Christmas through a months long advent where they will light a new candle at church every Sunday.

-Christmas is about celebrating the fulfilment of God's promise to redeem humanity and the transition from the Old testament to the New testament.

Easter Practices

-Christians will celebrate the Resurrection through Holy Week, a special week of church services each representing a moment at the end of the life of Jesus.

- Christians will prepare through a 40 day period of fasting a reflection called Lent.

-Christmas is all about celebrating the Resurrection of Jesus which is believed to be the victory of life over death and the promise of eternal life for everyone

Quotes about Christmas

'For God so loved the world, that He gave His only Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life.' John

Quotes about Easter

'He is not here; he has risen! Remember how he told you, while he was still with you in Galilee: 'The Son of Man must be delivered over to the hands of sinners, be crucified and on the third day be raised again.' Luke

Hajj

A Pillar of Islam and obligation to travel to the city which Islam was created and relive many of the parts of the life of prophet Ibrahim

Sunni

The largest denomination of Islam, believe in the succession of Abu Bakir the best friend as the successor to the Prophet

Shia

The second largest denomination of Islam, believes in the succession of Ali the son in law as the successor the Prophet.

Tawhid

The belief in the Oneness of God in Islam. It connects Muslims to the study of science and the natural world, the use of patterns in art, and the belief that God alone is worthy of praise.

Khalifah

Custodian or steward of the world for Allah. It is connected to the responsibility of looking after the planet and all of God's creation. It is also connected to encouraging Muslims to make the world a better place through taking leadership positions.

Islam Quote

'He is with you wherever you are'. Quran

Steps of the Hajj

ihram
circle the ka'aba (built by abraham and ishmael)(tawaf)
perform sayyid (part of hajj where they run between two hills)(comes from part hagar running between two hills until gabriel struck rock with wing and water appeared)
go to mira and camp
day to arafat (come together and pray)
sacrificial stoning of satan
slaughtering of lambs (everyone sacrifices lamb)

Ibrahim

One of the prophets of Allah. He rebuilt the Ka'aba. Was asked to sacrifice his son, and is the father of Abrahamic faith.

Ibrahim quote

"God took Abraham as a friend" Quran

Sanctity of life

The belief that life is holy and sacred and created by God

Evolution

The gradual change in a species over time that is the explanation of the complexity of life

Intelligent Design

the theory that life, or the universe, cannot have arisen by chance and was designed and created by some intelligent entity.

Islam on Evolution

According to the Holy Quran, the evolution of life is the result of divine will and divine guidance. The Holy Quran declares that the harmony and complexity of creation and could not have come of its own accord. In contrast, natural selection, the foundation of modern theory of evolution, credits accidental mutation for the survival of life and its complexity. But it fails to explain how the life was created and how the accidents can guide the life towards complexity.

Islam Quote on Evolution

"Verily in the heavens and the earth are signs for those who believe. And in the creation of yourselves, and the fact that animals are scattered (through the earth), are signs for those of assured faith. And in the alternation of night and day, and that fact that Allah sends down sustenance from the sky, and revives therewith the earth after its death, and in the change of the winds, are signs for those who are wise" Quran

Vegetarianism

the practice of eating a diet consisting entirely or largely of plant foods

Christian views on Pro Vegetarianism

Jesus said that God feeds the birds of the air (Matt. 6:26) and does not forget sparrows (Luke 12:6). In their own ways, God's creatures demonstrate a full range of feelings - curiosity, pleasure, playfulness, love, joy, fear, anger, pain, and suffering

Christian Views on Anti Vegetarianism

'It is what comes out of a mans mouth that makes him unholy, not what he puts in. But what comes out of the mouth comes from the heart, and this defiles a man' Luke (Jesus talking about dietary laws)

pro-life movement

The issue of abortion is primarily about the unborn child's right to life

pro-choice movement

Those that defend a woman's right to choose whether and when to bear children

8th Amendment

The Irish movement to remove the constitutional the right to life of the unborn

Abortion laws in the Philippians

Very strict laws which are rooted in Catholic teachings on Abortion

Abortion and the Catholic Church

The Catholic Church believes life begins at conception and that all life is sacred from the moment it starts

Doctrine of Double Effect

the principle that performing a good action may be permissible even if it has bad effects, but performing a bad action for the purpose of achieving good effects is never permissible; any bad effects must be unintended

Famous Violinist Case

you wake up attached to a famous violinist, you can't unplug him or he dies. they say he will be cured in 9 months, so you just have to stay attached for that long.
can you unplug even though it would kill him?
all persons have a right to life, including this violinist, you only have the right to your own life so you can't unplug because then you would be deciding for his life.

Quotes on abortion

"Before I formed you in the womb, I knew you"
"For you created my inmost being: you knit me together in my mother's womb"
"Love your neighbour as you love yourself"
"As God's chosen people, clothe yourselves with compassion, kindness, gentleness, and patience"
"Do not kill"

Ensoulment in Islam

The belief that the soul is breathed onto the embryo at the moment of 18 weeks or 120 days

Descriptions of God

An omnipotent, omniscient, and transcendent being

Philosophers who created an argument for God

Thomas Aquinas, William Paley, St. Anselm

The Design Argument

The argument that God designed the universe because everything is so intricately made in its detail that it could not have happened by chance. Also called the Teleological Argument. It is often criticised through Evolution and also the Problem of Evil

The First Cause Argument

An argument purporting to prove God's existence by logical argument that everything is caused by something else. This requires an uncaused cause, which must be God. One version put forward by Thomas Aquinas in 13th century. It is also called the Cosmological Argument. It is often criticised by asking what caused God.

Quote on First Cause Argument

'In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth' Genesis

Ontological Argument

the argument that God, being defined as most great or perfect, must exist, since a God who exists is greater than a God who does not.

Problem of Evil

How it is possible for there to be evil in a world created by an all-good, all-powerful, and all-knowing being.

Theodicy

an attempt to justify God in the face of evil in the world

Augustinian Theodicy

Instead of blaming God for that pain, blames Humankind. Says that human choice and free will created an absence of good.

Irenean theodicy

The argument that Creation has not finished yet and that we need god to know evil

inconsistant triad

A god who is omnipotent and omniscient would want to rid the world of evil for everyone, as he would know how to do it, and thus omnipotent nature.
If God is not omnipotent, then he can't stop evil as it is beyond his control. Denying his omnibenevolent, is unthinkable to Christians, as they suggest that God has qualities.

Epicurus on Gods

"Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is not omnipotent. Is he able, but not willing? Then he is malevolent. Is he both able and willing? Then whence cometh evil? Is he neither able nor willing? Then why call him God?"