Astrology Midterm

Ramapo College is located approximately ___ degrees latitude and ___ degrees longitude

41, 75

On the celestial sphere lines of declination are marked by ____

Degrees

According to the ancient _____ the setting sun fought the demons of the 12 gates of night

Egyptians

The appearance of _____ in the Spring sky marks the flooding of the nile

Sirius

_____ suggested that planets circle within musical crystal spheres

Pythagoras

The Milky Way is _____ light years across

120,000

The ______ theory of A squared + B squared = C squared helped future Astronomers unlock the secrets of the universe

Pythagorean

The word planet is Greek for ______ object in the sky

Wandering

The _______ theory of the universe states that the Earth is the center and all space revolves around us

Geocentric

The Monk St. Thomas Aquinas adopted the Greek philosopher _____ theory of a geocentric immutable universe

Aristotle’s

Lines of latitude begin at the equator and run ______ around the circumference of the Earth

Horizontal

Eratosthenes took two measurements, one in Alexandria and the other one Syene to measure the Earth’s ______

Circumference

The Earth travels around the sun in an ______ orbit

Elliptical

Our Sun began its life as a molecular cloud of ________

Hydrogen

A light year is ______ miles

6 trillion

______ is the fourth planet from the Sun

Mars

_____ literally means round stone

Lithosphere

_____ is the Babylonian goddess of fertility

Ishtar

______ is when a fertilized cell splits into 2 equal parts

Cleavage

The Earth is surrounded by an invisible grid used to help plot the coordinates of the surrounding universe known as the _________

Celestial Sphere

With regard to temperature a sun spot is _____ then the Sun

Cooler

Know the steps involved in creating heavier elements inside the heart of stars

Hydrogen bonds together make Helium —> Heavier Elements —> Carbon —> Iron

How old is our Sun if it is at half life, and what that mean?

4.6 billion years, this means it will be another 4.6 billion years until it dies and becomes a red giant

What are silicates?

Minerals containing silicone and oxygen, eg. quarts, rock, crystal, clay

The North star is also known as _____

Polaris

How many degrees = one hour cp

15 degrees

Heliocentric

Sun centered, Galileo, Copernicus

A hollow ball or cells during gestation

Blastocyst

Fluctions or calculus

Issac Newton

String Theory

Stephen Hawking

Cepheus and Draco are

Constellations that are Northern Circumpolar

Observed sun spots

Galileo

Laws of Planetary Motion

Kepler

Orbital Paths of Comets

Edmund Halley

Cells begin to change or differentiate after ten weeks into a

Fetus

A fertilized egg is a

Zygote

Galaxies are moving away from us

Edwin Hubble

Warned Roosevelt of danger of atomic energy

Albert Einstein

An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon

Newton’s First Law

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Stephen Hawking

The Earth’s distance from the center of the Milky Way

26000 Light Years

Stars that are visible all year long

Northern Circumpolar

Distance from the Earth to the Sun

93 million miles

How did astronomy aid early cultures during there changes from a nomadic lifestyle to an agricultural one?

Astronomy helped early civilizations, predict and plan for the changing seasons, to aid in growing and harvesting, crops to control food supply | Ex. Stone Henge which showed the summer solstice

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative science and what is the impact of the later on the scientific community?

Qualitative science is based on philosopher core-speculation and discriptive analysis while quantative science is based off imperical observation and numerical data. The impact of quantative science was that it increased objectivity and absolute knowledge and proof.

Why did the gas giants form before the terrestrial planets during solar genes?

Ice cores were created far away from the sun where there was low temperatures from gas condensating. They were large enough to have gravity that pulled in large amounts of the remaining gas.

Nicholas Copernicus was responsible for today’s accepted theory of a heliocentric solar system. Yet during his time he published axioms to the contrary. One such axiom says, “The center of the universe is near the sun.” Why would Copernicus publish something different than his research?

Copernicus was a church adminstrator and had to avoid upsetting the church who at that time believed in the Geocentric theory.

Arrange the following evolution in order:

1. Ardipithicus

2. Australopithecus

3. Homohabilis

4. Homoerectus

5. [Homonaledi]

6. Homoneaderthal

7. Cromogon

8. Homosapien

List ten phases within a star’s formation

1. Molecular Cloud of Hydrogen

2. Dark Star

3. Photon Effect

4. Protostar/sun

5. Solar Nebula

6. Protoplanetary Disc

7. T’Tauri

8. Post T’Tauri

9. Nuclear Fushion

10. Main Sequence

Know the facts about Stone Henge

Built in 3000 to 2000 BC, in Salisbury Plains in England, Quarried 350 miles away, Stone’s were 20×7, Heal Stone 100 yards away points at Sun on summer solistice, It is mega-lithic

Know the facts about the Babylonians

Planets and stars were considered Gods, the God of fertility was Venice called Ishtar, Sun and Moon determined the calendar, first to map constellations

What is the difference between Aphelion and Perihelion with regard to the Earths orbit around the sun, total distance traveled

Aphelion is when the Earth is furtherest away from the Sun, on July 4th 94.5 million miles away | Perihelion is the closet the Earth gets to the Sun, on January 4th 91.4 million miles away

What are the 11 body systems?

1. Digestive

2. Nervous

3. Skeletal

4. Muscular

5. Respiratory

6. Endocrine

7. Reproductive

8. Integumentary [skin]

9. Cardiovascular/Circulatory

10. Excretary/Urinary

11. Lymphatic/Immune

Explain agglomeration with regard to the formation of celestial objects

A build of larger fragments through the accumalation of smaller ones, celestial objects bump into each other and fuse together

What happened (in detail) during the first three seconds in the beginning of the universe?

10^-35 seconds was the big bang an expansion of space | 10^-6 seconds the universe took shape | 3 seconds hydrogen and basic elements were formed

Explain the photon effect with regard to a star’s stabilization?

When the core of a star emits radiation photon particles these photons slow down the inward condensation of gas which stabilizes the globular star

What happens to an objects rotation as it becomes denser?

The denser an object the faster its angular momentum will be and the faster it will rotate due to greater centrifugal force

What happens to a protoplanet as its size increases?

Gravity increases

What are the 4 atmospheric layers and give an example of what can take place in each

1. Trophosphere= Weather

2. Stratosphere= Ozone

3. Misosphere= Space, atomic structure changes, and thermosphere

4. Ionosphere= Space, atomic structure changes, and thermosphere

Please know the orbital speed, and rotations (around the axis) speed

Orbital speed is 67000 miles per hour | Rotational [axis] speed is 1070 miles per hour