Gymnosperms

What are the 5 seed plant phylum

Coniferophyta: conifers

Cycadophyta: cycads

Ginkophyta: ginkgo

Gnetophyta: gnetophytes

Anthophyta: angiosperms

What 4 phyla are gymnosperms

Coniferophyta: conifers

Cycadophyta: cycads

Ginkophyta: ginkgo

Gnetophyta: gnetophytes

Do cycads have male and female parts on the same plant or separate plants

Separate male and female plants

Microstrobilus

male cones that contain microsporangia

Megastrobilus

female cones that contain ovules

Why plant is this

cycad

What plant has the largest sperm

cycads

What is the only surviving ginko species

Ginko biloba

What leaf is this

a ginkgo leaf

What are the three genera of gnetophytes

Gnetum, Ephedra, and Welwitchia

Gnetum characteristics

live in tropical rainforests

small naked seed that ripes to a red “berry”

small or vine-like

Ephedra characteristics

dry desert environments

photosynthetic stems with a small red “berry”

Ephedrine is derived from this plant

Pseudoephedrine

artificial version of ephedrine, used to treat congestion

Welwitschia characteristics

found only in Namibia (very dry and hot)

produces only 2 leaves

the apical meristem dies/aborts

makes “cones” that pollinates with beetles

Do all conifers produce cones?

No

Examples of conifers

:pines, cypress, and Sequoiadendron giganteum

Oldest of all trees

bristlecone pine (confier)

Do conifers have male and female parts on the same plant or separate plants

Male and female on the same plant

Are gymnosperms sporophyte or gametophyte dominant?

Sporophyte

Are gymnosperm sporophytes haploid or diploid

diploid

Where does meiosis occur in gymnosperms

in the micro and mega spore mother cells

Are micro and mega spore mother cells haploid or diploid

diploid

are mega and micro spores haploid or diploid

haploid

What is the microgametophyte in a conifer

pollen grain

Where is the megagametophyte in a conifer

surrounds the ovule and eventually the embryo

How many cells is the microgametophyte (pollen grain)

4

How many years does it take for a cone of ovules take to develope

2 years

What is the food source of the embryo in a conifer

the original megagametophyte tissue

Is the gametophyte in a conifer haploid or diploid

haploid

Importance of conifers to humans

Christmas trees and a source of wood