Chapter 18 Foreign Policymaking

Foreign Policy Vs. Domestic Policy

- Domestic policy are administrative decisions that are directly related to all issues and activity within a nation's borders.

- It differs from foreign policy, which refers to the ways a government advances its interests in world politics.

Foreign Policy depends ultimately on what 3 tools?

Military, Economic, and Diplomatic

What is the foreign policy arm of the US government?

State Department

Who is the State Department's head?

Secretary of State: Head of Department of State and traditionally the key adviser to the president on foreign policy

The National Security Establishment

Foreign policy and defense policy are closely linked. A key foreign policy actor is the ______________ of ___________

Department of Defense

Department collects together...

U.S. Army, Navy, and Air Force

Goldwater-Nichols Defense Reorganization Act of 1986

increased interservice cooperation and centralization of military hierarchy

Secretary of Defense

The head of the Department of Defense and the president's key adviser on military policy and, as such, a key foreign policy actor

Joint Chiefs of Staff

A group that consists of the commanding officers of each of the armed services, a chairperson, and a vice chairperson, and advises the president on military policy.

To coordinate American foreign and defense policies with High Ranking Officials, the Congress formed the National Security Council (NSC)

Composed of the president, the vice president, the secretary of defense, and the secretary of state

Congress created the _______ ________________ ________ after World War II to coordinate American information and data gathering intelligence activities abroad and to collect, analyze, and evaluate its own intelligence

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA):An agency created after WW2 to coordinate American intelligence activities abroad and to collect, analyze, and evaluate intelligence

National Security Agency

the intelligence agency that is responsible for protecting U.S. government communications and producing intelligence by monitoring foreign communications.

What are constitutional authority over foreign and defense policy that the Congress has?

Congress has sole authority to declare war, raise and organize armed forces, and appropriate funds for national security activities

With the Senate determining whether...

treatises will be ratified and ambassadorial and cabinet nominations will be confirmed

What other powers does the Congress have regarding foreign affairs?

"power of the purse", responsibilities for oversight of executive branch, and each year senators and representatives carefully examine defense budget authorizations

Terrorism

The strategic use of violence to demoralize and frighten a country's population or government