Chemistry Topic 1 - Materials and their Atoms

What compound does Ca²⁺ and OH^- form into

Ca(OH)₂

What’s the name of Fe₂O₃

Iron (III) oxide

How to name a Ionic Compound?

Name metal by its element name them add -ide to the end of the non-metal

Define Nanomaterials

Substances that contain particles in the size range of 1-100nm

What are the 4 properties to describe a material

1. Electrical Conductivity - How it conducts electricity

2. Thermal Conductivity - How it conducts heat

3. Melting Point - At what rate does it go from solid to liquid

4. Solubillity - How well does it dissolve.

Define Mixture and describe 2 properties

When 2 or more materials aren’t chemically bonded.

• No fixed melting point.

• No heat exchanged curing formation

Describe the main properties of the 2 types of Mixtures (Mention 2 more properties of each)

Homogenous is uniform composition (Cant be easily separated & everything is in the same phase) and Heterogenous is different composition throughout (Can be easily separated & phases can be separate)

Define a pure substance and 2 properties

Pure substances consist of only one type of atom, molecule or formula unit. (uniform composition + fixed boiling point)

Describe the 2 forms of a Pure Substance

Element (Composed of atoms of the same type with the same atomic number) & Compounds (When 2 or more chemical elements are bonded together)

Describe the 3 types of Seperation methods

Filtration - Seperating Soluble from Insoluble Materials using a filter.

Evaporation - To seperate a large amount of solvent material from solute materials

Distillation - The seperation of 2 liquids with 2 different boiling points.

What is the formula for the amount of Electrons in an energy level

2(n²)

n = energy level

What is the subshell notation for Cadmium (ending in 4d¹⁰)

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰

Describe Bohr Model

Protons and Neutrons in middle, amount of electrons outside

Describe the Absorption and Emission of Electromagnetic Radiation

A valence electron absorbs the electromagnetic radiation causing it to be excited and be promoted to the next energy level. The promoted electron will then loses energy and emits a photon of electromagnetic radiation falling to the lower energy level.

How many individual units are in a mole? (Avogadro’s number)

6.02 × 10²³

How to calculate relative molecular mass

Add together the relative atomic masses of one molecule in a compound. H₂O = (1.008 × 2) + (16.00)

what is the units for n, m, and M in calculating moles

n = m/M

n (mol)

m (g)

M (gmol^-1)

How to calculate the number of particles in a material?

Multiply the amount of moles by Avogadros number (6.02 × 10²³)

How to calculate the relative atomic mass of elements with isotopes

Convert the percentage of each isotope to a decimal, then multiply with its atomic mass and add together.

Explain atomic radius

As there are more energy levels, the valence shell (-ve) becomes further away from the nucleus (+ve) therefore the attractive force decreases

What is the trend of Atomic Radius

Increases from right to left diagonally of the periodic table.

What is ionization energy and the difference of it in metals and non-metals

It is the energy required to remove valence electrons from an atom.

Metals (Low ionisation energy) - Easier to remove and form ions

Non-Metals (High ionisation energy) - harder to remove and form ions.

What is the trend of Ionisation

It increases from right to left diagonally of periodic table

Explain electronegativity

The atoms abillity to attract electrons from another element

What is the trend of Electronegativity

Same as ionization, increases left to right diagonally of the periodic table.

Explain what is Metallic Character

The atoms abillity to form an anion from losing an electron.

What is the trend of metallic character

Increases from right to left diagonally of the periodic table

Explain what is non-metallic character

An atom with a high amount of electron which has an ability to gain an electron forming a full outer shell thus anion.

What is the trend of non-metallic character

Increases from left to right diagonally of the periodic table.