Chem. Safety & Conversions

Asphyxiant

Causing a lack of oxygen to the blood

Caustic vs. Corrosive

Caustic: eat away living tissue

Corrosive: eat away material, more general term

Flash Point

The temperature where a material released a vapor that can be ignited by a flame or spark

Acute Health Hazard vs. Chronic Health Hazard

Acute health hazard: has immediate effects

Chronic health hazard: have long-lasting effect (long term exposure)

Irritant

Substance that causes inflammation or discomfort to the tissue

Mutagen

Substance that causes a cellular change in DNA

Oxidizer

A substance that facilitates or brings about a reaction with oxygen; may cause fires or flames to get bigger

Stability

Substances that “sit at low energy states” and tend not to react

Reactivity

How easily a substance undergoes a chemical change

Combustible vs. Explosive vs. Flammable vs. Pyrophoric

Combustible: able to be ignited (SOLIDS)

Explosive: reacts violently, releasing light sound and gas

Flammable: easily set on fire (LIQUIDS)

Pyrophoric: can spontaneously ignite in air or WITH FRICTION

Hemolytic

A substance that can damage blood cells

Volatile

Liquid substance that evaporates readily at normal temperatures

K = kilo = ?

1 × 10³

d = deci = ?

1 × 10^-1

C = centi = ?

1 × 10^-2

M = milli = ?

1 × 10^-3

Mu = micro = ?

1 × 10^-6

1 k(M, L, g) =

1,000 (M, L, g)

10 d(M, L, g) =

1 (M, L, g)

100 c(M, L, g) =

1 (M, L, g)

1,000 m(M, L, g) =

1 (M, L, g)

1,000,000 mu(M, L, g) =

1 (M, L, g)

Number of sig figs when multiplying and dividing

Look at the number with the fewest sig figs

Number of sig figs when adding and subtracting

Look at number with the fewest decimal places

1mL =

1 cm³

Accuracy

Is how close the measurement is the to the true value of the quantity being measured. Is often reduced by systematic errors

Precision

How close a number of measurements of the same quantity agree with each other. Is limited by the random errors. Repeating measurements over and over again help increase precision.